侵犯商业秘密罪“情节严重”之认定与完善

Perfection of the determination of “serious circumstances” in thecrime of violating commercial secrets

《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(十一)》将侵犯商业秘密罪的入罪标准由“重大损失”改为“情节严重”有助于强化我国对商业秘密的保护力度。此番调整既解决了长期以来侵犯商业秘密罪客体保护不全之痼疾,又回应了我国商业秘密刑事立法与司法实践的双重需要。区别于“罪量”“客观处罚条件”和“可罚的违法性要素”等传统学术观点,“情节严重”在体系中应被定位为具有复合特性的类构成要件。为优化对“情节严重”的理解适用,应兼顾损失要素与非损失要素两大方面,分类适用四种损失计算标准,综合考虑行为内容、后果与主体等多重要素。

“Criminal Law Amendment(XI)”changed the criminal standard of the crime of violating commercial secrets from“significant losses”to“serious circumstances”,which will help strengthen the protection of commercial secrets in China.This adjustment not only solves the chronic problem of incomplete protection of the object of the crime of violating commercial secrets for a long time,but also responds to the dual needs of criminal legislation and judicial practice of commercial secrets in China.Different from traditional academic viewpoints such as“amount of crime”,“objective punishment conditions”and“elements of illegality that can be punished”,“serious circumstances”should be positioned as a class constituent element with compound characteristics in the system.In order to optimize the understanding and application of“serious circumstances”,it is necessary to take into account the two major aspects of loss elements and non-loss elements,apply four types of loss calculation standards and comprehensively consider multiple elements such as behavioral content,consequences and subjects.