审视与重构:民事再审申请立案的规范路径——以四级法院审级职能定位为视角

Examination and reconstruction:standardized path of civil retrialapplication filing——From the perspective of the positioningof trial-level function for the fourth-level courts

《人民法院第五个五年改革纲要(2019—2023)》从审判权运行与当事人诉讼成本的角度,创新性提出民事再审申请的改革事项。此后最高人民法院通过在试点地区开展法院审级职能定位改革,从机制、标准、程序等方面进一步明确了四级法院职能定位,完善了再审申请“补充救济”程序,真正搭建起梯次过滤、层级相适的案件分布格局,确保再审申请制度与配套机制相适宜。从四级法院审级职能定位入手,分析民事再审申请立案程序运行现状,重新审视再审申请权的性质价值和功能作用,有助于从制度和实践层面科学合理地构建民事再审申请立案程序,在充分保障当事人申请再审权利、减少司法资源浪费和维护司法既判力之间寻求更好的平衡。

“The Fifth Five-Year Reform Outline of the People’s Courts(2019-2023)”innovatively proposes the reform of civil retrial applications from the perspective of the operation of judicial power and the litigation costs of the parties.Since then,the Supreme People’s Court has carried out the reform of the functional positioning of the trial level of courts in pilot areas,further clarified the functional positioning of the fourth-level courts in terms of mechanisms,standards and procedures,improved the“supplementary relief”procedures for retrial applications,and truly established echelon-filtering and hierarchically appropriate case distribution pattern to ensure that the retrial application system and supporting mechanisms are appropriate.Starting from the positioning of the trial-level functions of the four-level courts to analyze the current status of the civil retrial application filing procedure and re-examine the nature,value and function of the retrial application right is helpful to scientifically and rationally construct the civil retrial application filing procedure from the institutional and practical levels.Seek a better balance among fully protecting the parties’rights to apply for retrial,reducing the waste of judicial resources and maintaining judicial res judiciary.