绩效社会、政府内卷与基层减负——基于不确定性视角

Performance-Obsessed Society,Government Involution and Community-level Burden Reduction:Based on the Perspective of Uncertainty

政府内卷是乡镇政府基层负担的表征之一,主要是指处于政府组织体系底端的乡镇政府为了在绩效考核中脱颖而出主动选择增加工作难度,具体表现为人为“压缩工作时限”和“提高工作标准”,导致乡镇政府陷入无序的恶性竞争,基层工作人员长期处于焦虑状态。基层负担的形成源于绩效社会对当代政府的形塑,但乡镇政府绩效的实现及获得表彰具有不确定性。从社会历史发展来看,绩效考核在设定标准化目标的基础上朝着以排名论奖惩的不确定性方向发展;从社会结构看,乡镇政府实现绩效目标的环境具有不确定性;从个体行动看,乡镇政府追逐绩效的内在预期目标具有不确定性,导致乡镇政府需要通过自我加压的方式来适应绩效社会的要求。未来纠正绩效考核异化现象,需要从绩效考核源头治理着手,引导绩效考核从不确定性转向标准化、精准化,立足不同场域制定多层次的绩效考核方案,以此缓解由不确定性引发的乡镇政府焦虑,提升乡镇政府减负获得感。

Government involution is one of the symbols of the burden of township governments,which mainly means that township governments at the bottom of the government organizational system actively choose to increase the difficulty of work in order to stand out in the performance appraisal.It is specifically manifested in the artificial"compression of work time limit"and"improvement of work standards",leading township governments into disorderly vicious competition,and primary-level staff are in a state of long-time anxiety.The formation of the community-level burden stems from the shaping of the contemporary government by the performance-obsessed society,but the realization of the township government's performance and its recognition are uncertain.From the perspective of social and historical development,performance appraisal is developing towards the uncertainty of rankingbased rewards and punishments on the basis of setting standardized goals.From the perspective of social structure,the environment for township governments to achieve performance goals is uncertain.From the perspective of individual action,the township government's internal expectations goals of pursuing performance are uncertain,which leads to the township government's need to adapt to the social requirements of performance through self pressurization.To correct the alienation of performance appraisal,we need to start from the source governance of performance appraisal,guide the uncertainty of performance appraisal to standardization and precision,and develop multi-level performance appraisal plans based on different fields,so as to alleviate the anxiety of township governments caused by uncertainty and enhance the sense of burden relief of township governments.