城市社区治理共同体构建:一个实践类型的分析框架

The Construction of Urban Primary-level Governance Community:An Analytical Framework of Practical Type

以滕尼斯为代表的共同体理论为构建社区治理共同体提供了参考,但治理共同体不同于共同体。社区治理共同体强调社区内外主体的联系和互动,不是共同体的翻版和再版,也不是“治理”和“共同体”的简单叠加,其追求的是一种更深入更广泛的有机团结。在厘清社区治理共同体理论内涵的基础上,把复杂的社会事实抽象成可以研究的实践类型。在不同层面上将城市社区治理共同体分为压力型治理共同体、工具型治理共同体、生活型治理共同体和价值型治理共同体四种类型,其分别依靠命令、利益、情感和责任驱动,以驱动力不同作为分类标准。每种类型治理共同体的生成情境、涉及主体、问题指向、典型样态都不一样,因此,城市社区治理共同体的构建机制也需要分层分类处理,并辅以适当的风险防控措施。

The community theory typically put forward by Tonnies provides a reference for building a primary-level governance community,but the governance community is different from the community in Tonnies'sense.The former emphasizes the connection and interaction between the internal and external subjects of the community.It is not a copy or reprint of the latter,nor a simple superposition of"governance"and"community".What it pursues is a deeper and broader organic unity.On the basis of clarifying the theoretical connotation of primary-level governance community,the complex social facts are abstracted into practical types that can be studied.At different levels,urban primary-level governance community is divided into four types:pressure-based governance community,tool-based governance community,life-based governance community,and value-based governance community.They rely on the drive of command,interest,emotion,and responsibility respectively,with different driving forces as the classification criteria.Each type of governance community has different generation scenarios,involved subjects,problem directions,and typical patterns.Therefore,the construction mechanism of urban primary-level governance community also needs to be treated in a hierarchical and classified manner,supplemented by appropriate risk prevention and control measures.