郑州市育龄期女性HPV疫苗接种认知水平及其接种影响因素研究

Study on cognitive level of HPV vaccination and its influencing factors among women of childbearing age in Zhengzhou City

目的 调查郑州市育龄期女性人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗接种认知水平并探究其疫苗接种的影响因素,为推广HPV疫苗接种提供参考依据。方法 本研究为横断面研究,采用多阶段整群随机抽样法,于2020年1月—2021年12月,从郑州市抽取360例育龄期女性作为研究对象。设计育龄期女性HPV疫苗接种认知水平调查表开展调查。统计该地区育龄期女性HPV疫苗实际接种情况,经单因素分析和logistic回归分析了解育龄期女性HPV疫苗接种的影响因素。结果 经评估,本研究纳入的360例育龄期女性中对HPV疫苗接种认知良好者151例,占41.94%,认知不良者209例,占58.06%。受调查对象在HPV疫苗种类、接种具体次数、疫苗接种是否可预防宫颈癌、接种最佳年龄段、疫苗有效期、是否会引起神经系统问题以及接种过疫苗后是否还需要定期接受宫颈癌筛查方面的知晓率较低。360例育龄期女性完成HPV疫苗接种115例,占比31.94%(115/360),未接种者245例,占比68.06%(245/360)。未接种组和已接种组比较,在个人受教育程度、父母最高受教育程度、怀疑疫苗的安全性和有效性、认为疫苗预约困难、认为疫苗价格昂贵方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经logistic回归分析,结果显示,个人受教育程度及父母最高受教育程度低,怀疑疫苗的安全性和有效性、预约疫苗接种困难、认为疫苗价格昂贵是育龄期女性HPV疫苗接种率低的影响因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论 郑州市育龄期女性HPV疫苗接种认知水平偏低;个人受教育程度及父母最高受教育程度低,怀疑疫苗的安全性和有效性、预约疫苗接种困难、认为疫苗价格昂贵是育龄期女性HPV疫苗接种率低的影响因素。

Objective To investigate the cognitive level of women of childbearing age in Zhengzhou City about human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination and explore the influencing factors of vaccination,so as to provide a reference for the promotion of HPV vaccination.Methods This study was a cross-sectional study.Totally 360 women of childbearing age were selected from Zhengzhou City from January 2020 to December 2021 by multistage cluster random sampling.A questionnaire was designed to investigate the cognition level of HPV vaccination among women of childbearing age.The actual vaccination situation of HPV vaccine for women of childbearing age in the region was counted,and the influencing factors of HPV vaccination for women of childbearing age were understood through single factor analysis and logistic regression analysis.Results After evaluation,151 of 360 women of childbearing age in this study had a good cognition of HPV vaccination,accounting for 41.94%,and 209 had a poor cognition,accounting for 58.06%.The respondents awareness of the type of HPV vaccine,specific times of vaccination,whether vaccination can prevent cervical cancer,the best age for vaccination,the period of validity of the vaccine,whether it will cause nervous system problems,and whether regular cervical cancer screening is required after vaccination accounted for a relatively low proportion.Among 360 women of childbearing age,115 completed HPV vaccination,accounting for 31.94%(115/360),and 245 did not,accounting for 68.06%(245/360).The difference between the unvaccinated group and the vaccinated group was statistically significant in terms of personal education level,the highest education level of parents,doubts about the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine,difficulties in vaccine reservation,and high price of the vaccine(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the low education level of individuals and their parents,doubts about the safety and effectiveness of vaccines,dfficulties in making an appointment for vaccination,and the high price of vaccines were the influencing factors for the low HPV vaccination rate of women of childbearing age(OR>1,P<0.05).ConclusioTn he cognition level of HPV vaccination among women of childbearing age in Zhengzhou City is low.The low level of personal education and the highest level of education of parents,doubts about the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine,difficulties in making an appointment for vaccination and the high price of the vaccine are the influencing factors for the low rate of HPV vaccination among women of childbearing age.