石狮地区900例过敏性疾病患儿过敏原检测情况分析

Analysis of Allergen Detection in 900 Children With Allergic Diseases in Shishi Area

目的分析石狮地区过敏性疾病患儿血清中的过敏原检测情况。方法回顾性分析2022年1—12月于石狮市妇幼保健院就诊的900例过敏性疾病患儿,对其进行血清总IgE和21种过敏原特异性IgE半定量检测。结果检测对象中总IgE阳性率为66.4%,吸入性过敏原阳性率为54.6%,最高的是屋尘螨/粉尘螨(占27.2%),其次是狗毛皮屑(占10.0%)和蟑螂(占5.8%);食入性过敏原阳性率为58.8%,最高的是牛奶(占13.4%),其次是鸡蛋白(占9.7%)和虾(占9.4%)。男孩阳性率(71.7%)高于女孩(57.5%)。婴幼儿以食入性过敏原为主,3岁以上儿童以吸入性过敏原为主。秋季过敏原阳性率最高,冬季最低。结论石狮地区过敏性疾病患儿最主要的过敏原是屋尘螨/粉尘螨,其次是牛奶、狗毛皮屑、鸡蛋白、虾,患儿过敏原的组分和阳性率因性别、年龄和季节而异。

Objective To analyze the detection of allergens in the serum of children with allergies in the Shishi area.Methods A total of 900 children with allergic diseases in Shishi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from January to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed,and their serum total IgE and 21 allergen-specific IgE were detected semi-quantitatively.Results The total positive rate of IgE among the tested subjects was 66.4%,and the positive rate of inhaled allergens was 54.6%.The highest was house dust mite/dust mite(27.2%),followed by dog dander(10.0%)and cockroaches(5.8%).The positive rate of ingestive allergens was 58.8%,with milk(13.4%)being the highest,followed by egg white(9.7%)and shrimp(9.4%).The positive rate of boys(71.7%)was higher than that of girls(57.5%).Infants and young children were mainly exposed to ingested allergens,while children over 3 years old are mainly exposed to inhaled allergens.The positive rate of allergens was highest in autumn and lowest in winter.Conclusion The main allergens of allergic children in the Shishi area are house dust mites/dust mites,followed by milk,dog dander,egg white,and shrimp.The composition and positive rate of allergens in children vary depending on gender,age,and season.