主动脉管壁纤维结构的研究进展

Research progress on the fibrous structure of aortic wall

主动脉管壁分为内膜、中膜和外膜三层,其中,中膜层是组织结构最复杂、承载功能最多的部位,也是主动脉疾病的最主要病因和病变部位。主动脉中膜层主要结构成分是弹力纤维(EF)和胶原纤维(CF)组成的细胞外基质(ECM)。EF和CF不仅参与主动脉壁局部微环境的构成,更重要的作用在于共同维持主动脉管壁的正常形态和力学特性,EF与管壁良好的顺应性有关,CF则与管壁的极限强度有关,两者交织在一起,使主动脉既有弹性又有韧性。笔者从主动脉管壁纤维结构的组成,各成分合成、表达及功能等相关问题进行综述。

The aortic wall comprises three layers:the intima,the media,and the adventitia.Among them,the media layer is the most complex in tissue structure,carrying the most functions,and is also the primary cause and site of aortic diseases.The main structural components of the aortic media layer are the extracellular matrix(ECM),composed of elastic fibers(EF)and collagen fibers(CF).EF and CF contribute to the local microenvironment of the arterial wall and play a crucial role in maintaining the normal morphology and mechanical characteristics of the aortic wall.EF is associated with the good compliance of the vessel wall,while CF is associated with the ultimate strength of the wall.The interweaving of these two components allows the aortic wall to possess both elasticity and toughness.In this article,the author provides an overview of the composition of the fibrous structure in the aortic wall and the synthesis,expression,and functions of each component.