蓖麻植物化学成分及生物活性研究进展

Research advances on chemical constituents and biological activities of Ricinus communis

蓖麻(Ricinus communis L.)为大戟科蓖麻属植物,其整株可作为传统中药和民族药使用,具有治疗跌打损伤、泻下通滞和消肿拔毒等功效。化学研究表明,蓖麻具有多种化学成分,类型涉及萜类、甾醇类、黄酮类、脂肪酸类、生育酚类、生物碱类、酚酸类和香豆素类,而且提取物及单体成分具有广泛的药理活性,包括抗肿瘤、抗糖尿病、抗氧化、消炎镇痛、抗生育、神经抑制、抑菌和杀虫等。本文旨在综述蓖麻的化学成分和生物药理活性,以期为蓖麻的后续研究和综合开发利用提供科学依据。

Ricinus communis L.,a plant of Ricinus genus(Euphorbiaceae family),are commonly used as traditional Chinese medicine and ethnomedicine for relieving constipation by purgation,treating traumatic injuries,detoxification,etc.Recent research revealed that the R.communis possessed a number of chemicals,including terpenoids,sterols,flavonoids,fatty acids,tocopherols,alkaloids,phenolic acids,and coumarins,which exhibited extensive biological and pharmacological activities,such as antimicrobial,insecticidal,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antineoplastic,antidiabetic,anti-fertility and hepatoprotective activities.This paper aims to summarize the research progress on the chemical components and biological activities of R.communis,which could provide a basis for the further research and comprehensive development and utilization.