规划下乡:改革开放以来村庄规划的发展脉络及其实现逻辑

Planning Go to the Countryside:The Development Lineage of Village Planning since the Reform and Opening Up and Its Implementation Logic

以规划引领经济社会发展,是中国共产党治国理政的重要方式。发挥规划的宏观引领和战略指导等功能,对推动基层治理体系和治理能力现代化具有重要理论与现实意义。自改革开放以来,规划下乡大致经历了起步探索、快速发展以及优化成熟三个阶段。这其中,村庄规划也呈现出从“有规可依”到“多规并行”再到“多规合一”的发展脉络。从实现逻辑来看,规划下乡是自上而下的国家意志与自下而上的农民意愿双向互动的过程。具体而言,国家意志作为规划下乡的外部推动力,有助于实现村庄规划的专业化和规范化,对乡村的有序建设发挥着强有力的引导与调控作用。同时,农民意愿作为规划下乡的内部驱动力,突显了乡村的地方性特点及乡村建设的自主性,增强了村庄规划的适应性和有效性。可见,国家与农民之间双向互动的复线关系,体现了规划下乡的深层次逻辑。这为当前切实增强村庄规划引领乡村振兴的活力与效力,提供了有益的政策思路。

Leading economic and social development by planning is an important way for the CPC to govern and prosper.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to promote the modernization of primary-level governance system and governance capacity by playing the role of macro-leading and strategic guidance of planning.Since the reform and opening up,planning go to the countryside has gone through three stages,such as initial exploration,rapid development and optimization and maturity.Among them,rural planning has developed from“having rules to follow”to“multiple rules in parallel”and then to“multiple rules in one”.In terms of the logic of realization,planning go to the countryside is a two-way interaction between the top-down state will and the bottom-up peasant will.Specifically,the state will,as the external driving force of planning go to the countryside,realizes the specialization and standardization of village planning,and plays a strong role in guiding and regulating and controlling the orderly construction of the countryside.At the same time,the farmers’will,as the intrinsic driving force of planning go to the countryside,highlights the local characteristics of the countryside and the autonomy of village construction,effectively enhancing the adaptability and effectiveness of village planning.It can be seen that the complex line relationship between the two-way interaction between the state and farmers reflects the logic of the realization of planning go to the countryside.This provides useful policy ideas for the current practical enhancement of the vitality and effectiveness of village planning leading rural revitalization.