居家虐老行为的发生机理与法律应对研究

Elder Abuse and Maltreatment in Residential Settings:Occurrence Mechanism and Legal Response

居家养老是我国当代的主要养老方式,然而实践中居家虐老现象时有发生。居家虐老行为的发生机理具有多维性,孝文化缺失、老年人受到传统观念束缚、施虐方承受的社会压力、法律层面缺乏对虐老行为的界定和惩戒措施等,均是居家虐老行为的发生原因。在对居家虐老行为的法律治理上,应当基于多维视角综合治理:立法上明确对居家虐老行为的认定标准,司法上完善对居家虐老行为的惩戒措施,执法上完善私力救济与调解化纷机制。从完善立法、司法、执法以及相关配套措施等诸多方面,形成立体多维的居家虐老规治体系,完善司法部门与行政部门,公检法司与社区、村/居委会、家庭的交叉对接与协作配合。通过“织密网”,完善预防与治理相结合的居家虐老规治体系。

Home-based care is the main form of eldercare in China,however,elder abuse and maltreatment in residential settings occur from time to time.The occurrence mechanism of this phenomenon is multi-dimensional,and lack of filial piety,traditional views held by older people,low pressure borne by the abusers and lack of legal definition and punitive measures for elder abuse are all causes of this phenomenon.The legal management of home elder abuse should be multi-dimensional:in terms of legislation,identification of elder abuse at home should be unambiguous;judicially,punitive measures should be readily in place;and in terms of law enforcement,we should improve the mechanism of private remedy and mediation to resolve disputes.We should develop a multi-dimensional legal system through improving legislation,justice,law enforcement and relevant supporting measures,and try to enhance connection and collaboration between judicial and administrative departments and among the public security system,the procuratorate,the court structure,judicial departments,communities,village/residential committees and families.Through this tight net,a legal framework for preventing and coping with home elder abuse will be improved.