中国古典诗学“句法”概念的缘起与确立

The Origin and Establishment of the Concept of"Syntax"in Chinese Classical Poetics

诗学意义上的句法思想可以追溯到杜甫。对六朝“迥句妙语”的尊崇,以及唐代“秀句图”类著作的大量涌现,是杜甫提出“佳句之法”的两个重要因素。然而杜甫只是具备句法的观念,并未正式使用“句法”这一概念。根据现存文献,黄庭坚应该是诗学领域“句法”概念的提出者。黄庭坚尊杜、学杜,其所倡导的“句法之学”既与杜甫的“佳句之法”一脉相承,同时又有所发展,主要表现在他不像杜甫那样笼统地谈“造诣深厚的诗家的默运之法”,而是将下字、对偶、声律、句式等基本要素作为诗歌创作的中心问题加以强调,进一步强化了杜甫关于“诗律细”的理论。

The idea of Syntax in Chinese Classical Poetics can be traced back to Du Fu(杜甫).The reverence for the"beautiful line"in the Six Dynasties and the large number of works such as"Xiujutu(秀句图)"in the Tang Dynasty were two important factors for Du Fu to put forward the"method of writing a good sentences".However,Du Fu only had the concept of syntax,and did not formally use the concept of"syntax".According to the existing literature,Huang Tingjian(黄庭坚)should be the proposer of the concept of"syntax"in the field of poetics.Huang Tingjian respected Du and learned from Du.The"learning of syntax"advocated by him is not only in the same vein as Du Fu's"method of good sentences",but at the same time it has developed.The method of silent movement of the family,but emphasizes the basic elements such as the word,duality,rhythm,and sentence pattern as the central issue of poetry creation,which further strengthens Du Fu's theory of"fine rhythm".