数字化转型协同机制研究——基于用户数据开放融合视角

Research on Collaborative Mechanism of Digital Transformation:Based on the Open Integration Perspective of User Data

数字化转型投入的外部性、功利性,输出的资源依赖性、不可预知性,以及用户需求日益多样性,倒逼政产学研用协同机制的建立。基于用户数据开放融合视角,构建三方演化博弈模型刻画当前政府引导、产学研方牵头、用户参与的“政产学研用”数字化转型现状,对数字化转型协同过程、效果及其影响因素进行探析。发现基于数据要素耦合的政产学研用数字化转型机制的建立是数据开放进程的必然产物,长期而言,以数据开放引导数字化转型机制建立应为首要战略选择。在此基础上,以汽车企业为例,对数据开放水平达到理想状态前的协同机制进行仿真分析,发现:第一,数字化转型系统存在路径依赖特征及自适应性,一定程度的主体参与势能尤其用户参与势能是主体间建立深度协同的前提,数字化转型过程中政府职能与市场经济存在适应性;第二,主体作用力具备有效性、必要性及条件选择性,协同主体加大对终端用户的激励会促进协同机制建立,基于系统内部资源形态转变的激励效果强于存在资源外溢的激励效果,行政手段干预效果强于经济手段干预效果,激励资本投入不足会削弱协同稳定性及有效性,兼具动态性及适应性的干预措施是转型机制良性发展的重要保障;第三,用户需求匹配强度通过价值转化率作用于系统路径演化,主体数字开发能力与用户需求表达能力的匹配程度决定价值传导效率,低于临界值的价值传导率对数字化转型协同机制存在阻滞效应。最后,从用户数据获取及开发视角,提出3点建议:开展数据安全治理,建立市场运行机制,加强主体需求把控。

The externality and utilitarianism of digital transformation investment,the resource dependence and unpredictability of output,and the increasing diversity of user needs have forced the establishment of a collaborative mechanism of government,industry,university,research and application.Based on the perspective of open integration of user data,considering the urgent needs of traditional manufacturing enterprises for digital transformation,and on the basis of affirming the subjective initiative of enterprises in digital transformation,a tripartite evolutionary game model was constructed to depict the current situation of government-industry-university-research-user digital transformation guided by the government,led by the industry,university and research party,and participated by users,and to analyze the collaborative process,collaborative effect and collaborative influencing factors of digital transformation in combination with numerical simulation.It is found that the establishment of the digital transformation mechanism of government-industry-university-research-user based on the coupling of data elements is an inevitable outcome of the process of data opening.In the long run,the establishment of the digital transformation mechanism guided by data opening should be the first strategic choice.On this basis,taking automobile enterprises as an example,the simulation analysis is carried out based on the collaboration mechanism before the data opening level reaches the ideal state,and it is found that:First,the digital transformation system has path dependent characteristics and adaptability.A certain degree of agent participation potential energy,especially user participation potential energy,is the premise for establishing deep collaboration among agents.Before the short-term market trust environment reaches an ideal state,user demand expression and user data mining are still the basis for deep collaboration among transformation agents.The acquisition and development of user data is the core of the establishment of collaboration mechanism.In the process of digital transformation,there is adaptability between government functions and market economy,and the government's leading strength for digital transformation decreases with the increase of market participants'willingness to participate.Second,the main force has effectiveness,necessity and conditional selectivity.Increasing incentives for end users by the collaborative main body will promote the establishment of the collaborative mechanism.The incentive effect based on the transformation of the internal resource form of the system is stronger than the incentive effect with resource spillover.The intervention effect of administrative means is stronger than that of economic means.When the development of digital transformation system comes to a standstill,fines may become an important means of regulation.The allocation of funds for effective market intervention measures has a bidirectional regulatory effect and there is a minimum intervention cost.Insufficient investment in incentive capital will weaken the stability and effectiveness of the collaboration.The dynamic and adaptive intervention measures are an important guarantee for the sound development of the transformation mechanism.Third,the intensity of user demand matching acts on the evolution of the system path through the value conversion rate.The matching degree between the subject's digital development ability and the user's demand expression ability determines the value transmission efficiency.The value transmission rate below the critical value has a blocking effect on the collaborative mechanism of digital transformation.Finally,from the perspective of user data acquisition and development,three suggestions are proposed for innovative entities:Firstly,carry out data security governance,create an open environment for data on the government side,and improve the data governance system on the enterprise side.Secondly,establish a market operation mechanism,with the government actively bearing the cost of user innovation,and the enterprise operating private domain traffic to benefit users.Thirdly,we need to strengthen the control of subject demand,provide precise policy support from the government,and increase investment in digital resources by industry,university,and research.