类器官的培养方法及应用前景

Culture Methods and Application Prospects of Organoids

近年来随着体外建模领域研究的不断深入,发现细胞试验存在着细胞单一、难以模拟机体复杂的组织结构和正常生理、病理状态等缺点,以及动物试验的昂贵费用和相关生理伦理等问题,类器官逐渐成为科学家们关注的热点。类器官来源于机体自身组织及干细胞,是通过体外3D培养形成的具有原始组织及器官的三维结构细胞团块,在组织结构、细胞类型和功能等方面与来源组织高度一致。这种类器官模型的构建,不仅为替代再生组织及器官的研究提供更多方法,还在组织移植和修复等工作中发挥重要作用。作者主要对促进类器官成熟的培养方法进行介绍,详细阐述了微孔阵列法、微流体法、生物反应器法和水凝胶基质法4种方法,并回顾了有关类器官培养系统的历史演变,分析了近年来学者们在类器官研究领域中存在的诸多限制和未来挑战,以及类器官在新兴工程技术中的应用前景和展望,旨在为类器官培养方法的进一步完善及在相关领域的研究和应用提供更多的理论依据和新的思路。

In recent years,with the deepening of research in the field of in vitro modeling,it has been found that cell tests have some shortcomings,such as single cell,difficult to simulate complex tissue structure and normal physiological and pathological state of the body,and the high cost of animal tests and related physiological ethics and other issues,organoids have gradually become the focus of attention of scientists.Organoids are derived from the body’s own tissues and stem cells,which are 3D structured cell clumps with original tissues and organs formed through 3D culture in vitro.They are highly consistent with the source tissues in terms of tissue structure,cell type and function.The construction of organoid model not only provides more methods for the research of replacing regenerated tissues and organs,but also plays an important role in tissue transplantation and repair.This review mainly introduces the culture methods for promoting organoid maturation,elaborates four methods,including microporous array method,microfluid method,bioreactor method and hydrogel matrix method,reviews the historical evolution of organoid culture system,and analyzes the limitations and future challenges in the field of organoid research in recent years.As well as the application prospect of organoids in emerging engineering technology,it aims to provide more theoretical basis and new ideas for further improvement of organoids culture methods and research and application in related fields.