雪山草鸡种母鸡育雏期能量和蛋白质适宜需要量的研究

Study on the Optimum Energy and Protein Requirements of Xueshan Breeding Hens in Brood Period

【目的】研究饲粮不同能量和蛋白质水平对雪山草鸡种母鸡育雏期生长性能、体尺性状、血清生化指标和屠宰性能的影响,明确其育雏期适宜的饲粮能量和蛋白质水平。【方法】选取体重接近、健康状态良好的1日龄雪山草鸡种母鸡2250只,按3×3两因素试验设计随机分为9组,3个能量水平(11.7、11.9、12.1 MJ/kg)和3个蛋白质水平(18.0%、19.0%、20.0%),每组10个重复,每个重复25只鸡,试验期为42 d。试验结束时统计生长性能指标;每重复选取2只鸡采血,1只鸡屠宰,测定血清生化指标和屠宰性能。【结果】①饲粮能量水平对雏鸡平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)、料重比(F/G)和终末体重均有显著影响(P<0.05),随着能量水平的升高,ADFI和F/G呈下降趋势,ADG和终末体重呈上升趋势,均匀度无显著变化(P>0.05);饲粮蛋白质水平对ADFI有显著影响(P<0.05),ADFI随着蛋白质水平的升高而降低,而其他生长性能指标均无显著变化(P>0.05);饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对雏鸡的生长性能指标均无显著交互作用(P>0.05)。②饲粮蛋白质水平除对雏鸡龙骨长、血清甘油三酯水平和腹脂率有显著影响外(P<0.05),对其余各体尺指标、血清生化指标和屠宰性能指标均无显著影响(P>0.05);饲粮能量水平对雏鸡以上指标均无显著影响(P>0.05),且饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对这些指标也无显著交互作用(P>0.05)。【结论】综合考虑生长性能、体尺性状、血清生化指标和屠宰性能,推荐雪山草鸡种母鸡育雏期饲粮能量适宜水平为12.1 MJ/kg,蛋白质适宜水平为20.0%。

【Objective】The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of different dietary energy and protein levels on growth performance,body size traits,serum biochemical indices and slaughter performance of Xueshan breeding hens during brooding period,and to determine the appropriate dietary energy and protein levels during brooding period.【Method】A total of 2250 one-day-old Xueshan breeding hens with close body weight and good health were randomly divided into 9 groups with 3 energy levels(11.7,11.9 and 12.1 MJ/kg)and 3 protein levels(18.0%,19.0%and 20.0%)according to a 3×3 two-factor experiment design.Each group had 10 replicates and each replicate had 25 chickens.The experiment lasted for 42 days.Growth performance indicators were measured at the end of the test.Two chickens were selected for blood collection and one chicken was slaughtered for sampling,and serum biochemical indexes and slaughtering performance were measured.【Result】①Dietary energy level had significant effects on average daily feed intake(ADFI),average daily gain(ADG),ratio of feed to gain(F/G)and terminal weight of chicks(P<0.05).With the increase of energy level,ADFI and F/G showed a downward trend,while ADG and final body weight showed an upward trend,but evenness had no significant change(P>0.05).Dietary protein level had a significant impact on ADFI(P<0.05),which was decreased with the increase of protein level,but had no significant impact on other growth performance indicators(P>0.05).Dietary energy and protein levels had no significant interaction on growth performance indexes of chicks(P>0.05).②Dietary protein level had significant effects on keel length,serum triglyceride content and abdominal fat percentage of chicks(P<0.05),but had no significant effects on other body size indexes,serum biochemical indexes and slaughter performance indexes(P>0.05).Dietary energy level had no significant effect on the above indexes of chicks(P>0.05),and dietary energy and protein levels had no significant interaction on these indexes(P>0.05).【Conclusion】Considering the growth performance,body size traits,serum biochemical indices and slaughter performance,it was recommended that the optimal level of dietary energy and protein for breeding hens of Xueshan breeding hens was 12.1 MJ/kg and 20.0%.