基于肠道微生物探讨蛋鸡脂肪肝出血综合征的研究进展

Review on Research of Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome Based on Gut Microbiota

蛋鸡脂肪肝出血综合征(FLHS)是常发生于高产蛋鸡的营养代谢病,其临床表现主要为蛋鸡脂质代谢紊乱引起的肝脏脂质沉积、产蛋量骤降及急性死亡,造成严重经济损失,是当前集约化养殖需要重点关注的疾病。肠道微生物作为参与机体生长发育、免疫代谢的重要角色,参与宿主的脂质合成与转运,保持肠道屏障的完整性以避免有害物质通过血液循环损伤肝脏并影响其功能,同时肠道微生物代谢产物的丰减与转化方向也会对肝脏健康产生或好或坏的影响。目前认为FLHS的发病机制主要包括营养、遗传、激素、肠道微生物等多种因素,“肠-肝轴”也受到当前治疗肝脏疾病的广泛关注。作者以肠道微生物为切入点,通过对蛋鸡常见肠道微生物及其与脂质代谢相关的功能进行总结,回顾了肠道微生物在脂质代谢与FLHS方面的相关研究,着重介绍了肠道微生物及其代谢产物在FLHS发生发展过程中可能产生的作用机理,以期从肠道微生物的角度解释FLHS的可能发病机制,并在生产实践中找到通过调节肠道微生物预防或治疗FLHS的方法,推动养禽业的发展。

Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome(FLHS)is a nutritional metabolism disease that often occurs in high-laying hens,and its clinical manifestations are mainly liver lipid deposition,sudden drop in egg production and acute death caused by layer hen lipid metabolism disorders,resulting in serious economic losses,which is a disease that needs to be focused on in intensive breeding at present.Gut microbiota,an important role in the growth and development of the body and immune metabolism,participate in the lipid synthesis and transport of the host,maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier to avoid harmful substances from damaging the liver and affecting its function through blood circulation,and the amount and transformation direction of intestinal microbial metabolites will also have a good or bad impact on liver health.At present,it is believed that the pathogenesis of FLHS mainly includes nutrition,genetics,hormones,gut microbiota and other factors,and the“gut-liver axis”axis has also received extensive attention in the current treatment of liver diseases.Taking the gut microbiota as the starting point,by summarizing the common gut microbiota of laying hens and their functions related to lipid metabolism,the relevant research of gut microbiota in lipid metabolism and FLHS was reviewed,and the possible mechanism of action of gut microbiota and their metabolites in the process of FLHS development was introduced,in order to explain the possible pathogenesis of FLHS from the perspective of gut microbiota,find ways to prevent or treat FLHS by regulating gut microbiota in production practice,and promote the development of poultry farming.