淮北孙疃矿区地表尘中多环芳烃类化合物的污染特征及致癌风险评价

Contamination Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Surface Dust of Suntuan Mining Area in Huaibei

淮北孙疃矿区是华北两淮地区典型的煤炭资源开采基地.以往涉及煤矿区地表尘的环境研究多集中在重金属和水溶性离子等,对多环芳烃类化合物(PACs)研究较少.利用气相色谱-三重串联四极杆质谱(GC-MS/MS)检测了孙疃矿区及周边环境地表尘中16种母体多环芳烃(16PAHs)、烷基多环芳烃(aPAHs)及部分含氧多环芳烃(OPAHs)的含量.结果表明,孙疃矿区地表尘中ΣPACs含量范围为283.8~36852.5μg·kg^(-1)(均值为4114.2μg·kg^(-1)).其中,ΣaPAHs(均值2593.8μg·kg^(-1))约为Σ16PAHs(均值1074.9μg·kg^(-1))的2.4倍,是PACs污染的主要贡献者.地表尘中16PAHs和aPAHs在组成上均以相对分子质量低的PACs为主.OPAHs含量较低,均值为445.6μg·kg^(-1).同时,PACs污染主要集中在矿区周边及煤矸石填埋道路附近.利用正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)推测研究区主要受成岩源影响,其次是煤和生物质燃烧,交通源及石油产品泄漏的占比较小.特征比值结果显示,当Σ16PAHs/ΣPACs<0.25时主要受煤矿区污染.PMF结合终生致癌风险(ILCR)结果显示,研究区对儿童存在潜在致癌风险,风险主要来自煤和生物质燃烧及煤炭开采.我国淮河流域煤矿区众多,研究结果可为煤炭开采区PACs的污染防治提供参考.

The Suntuan mining area of Huaibei is a typical coal resource mining base in the Huainan-Huaibei areas in North China.Previous environmental studies related to surface dust in coal mining areas mainly focused on heavy metals and water-soluble ions,with little research on polycyclic aromatic compounds(PACs).In this study,gas chromatography-triple tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS)was used to determine the contents of 16 parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(16PAHs),alkyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(aPAHs),and some oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(OPAHs)in surface dust from the Suntuan mining area and surrounding environment.The results showed that the ΣPACs concentration range of surface dust in the Suntuan mining area was 283.8-36852.5μg·kg^(-1)(mean:4114.2μg·kg^(-1)).ΣaPAHs(mean:2593.8μg·kg^(-1))was 2.4 times higher than Σ16PAHs(mean:1074.9μg·kg^(-1)),which was the main contributor to PAC pollution.The composition of 16PAHs and aPAHs in surface dust was dominated by low molecular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.The average OPAH content was 445.6μg·kg^(-1).At the same time,PAC pollution was mainly concentrated around the mining area and near the road of a coal gangue landfill.Based on the positive matrix factor(PMF)analysis,it was inferred that the study area was mainly affected by petroleum sources,followed by coal and biomass combustion,and traffic sources and petroleum product leakage accounted for a relatively small proportion.Based on the ratio and distribution pattern of 16PAHs and aPAHs,it was inferred that when Σ16PAHs/ΣPACs<0.25,it was mainly polluted by the coal mining area.The results of PMF combined with lifetime carcinogenic risk(ILCR)showed that there were potential carcinogenic risks for children near the study area,mainly from coal and biomass burning and coal mining.There are many coal mining areas in Huaihe River Basin in China.The results of this study can provide reference for pollution prevention and control of PACs in these coal mining areas.