“政策路径-政策工具-政策评价”框架下的中国黑土地保护政策文本分析

Analysis of China’s black soil protection policy text under the framework of“policy path-policy tools-policy evaluation”

【目的】开展黑土地保护政策量化评价研究,为未来黑土地保护政策的可持续高效率运行提供科学依据。【方法】基于PMC指数模型,从政策路径、政策工具和政策评价3个方面对中国黑土地保护政策文本进行量化评价。【结果】(1)黑土地保护相关政策数量呈阶段性增长态势,时间上呈现统领文件效力强的特征,空间上呈现毗邻效应、涟漪效应和模仿学习的特征;(2)黑土地保护政策工具在不断完善,任何有关黑土地保护政策工具的使用,都在特定时期发挥着重要作用;(3)选取的5项黑土地保护政策样本设计总体较为合理,但仍有较大的改进空间。其中,内蒙古为完美等级,黑龙江和辽宁为优秀等级,中央和吉林为良好等级。【结论】各地应考虑自身特色和黑土地保护现状,因地、因时制宜制定有力且具有操作性的政策方案,积极营造黑土地保护创新发展的良好环境。

[Objective]The purpose of this study was to carry out a quantitative evaluation of black soil protection policies to provide a scientific basis for the sustainable and efficient operation of black soil protection policy in the future.[Methods]Based on the policy modeling consistency(PMC)index model,a quantitative evaluation of China’s black soil protection policy text was conducted from three aspects:policy path,policy tools,and policy evaluation.[Results](1)The number of policies related to the protection of black soil has shown a trend of phased growth,with the characteristics of strong effectiveness of the command type documents temporally,and neighborhood effect,ripple effect,and imitation learning spatially.Among them,Inner Mongolia is at the perfect level(7.91),Hei Longjiang(7.33)and Liao ning(7.07)are at the excellent level and Central(6.33)and Ji lin are at the good level(6.00).(2)China’s black soil protection policy tools have been constantly improving.Any use of policy tools for black soil protection has played an important role in a certain period of time.Specifically,the use of black land protection policy tools presents a situation of“performance evaluation>technologicalinnovation>farmland quality management>agricultural support and protection subsidies>farmland quantity protect ion”.(3)The design of the five selected black soil protection sample policies is generally reasonable,but there is still much room for improvement.Inner Mongolia scored the highest,Heilongjiang and Liaoning Provinces showed excellent performance,and the central level and Jilin Province showed reasonable performance.[Conclusion]We recommend that each region should consider its own characteristics and the current status of black soil protection,formulate strong and operational policy plans tailored to local conditions,and actively create a good environment for innovative development of black soil protection.