上海市浦东新区5~18岁儿童与青少年夜遗尿症流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation and correlation analysis of enuresis in children and adolescents aged 5-18 years in Pudong New District of Shanghai

目的对上海市浦东新区5~18周岁儿童与青少年夜遗尿症进行流行病学调查及分析,探讨儿童夜遗尿症患病情况及其相关因素,为临床防治提供依据。方法采用横断面调查研究方法,于2017年4月20日—2017年5月12日对上海市浦东新区12所学校5~18周岁儿童与青少年家长进行问卷调查,并根据遗尿严重程度分为遗尿组和3个月内有过遗尿现象组,比较2组相关因素的差异。结果共发放2711份问卷,收集2627份问卷,问卷回收率为96.90%,本次研究发现在5~18周岁儿童与青少年中遗尿症患病率为1.26%(33/2627),男性患病率为1.77%(24/1358),女性患病率为0.71%(9/1269),男性患病率高于女性(P=0.015),部分遗尿症伴随着年龄增长会逐渐改善;33.3%(11/33)的遗尿症儿童及青少年中有家族史,25.7%(29/113)3个月内发生过遗尿现象的孩子有家族史,遗尿症与遗传有明显的相关性。遗尿对儿童及家庭成员的情绪和生活质量有影响,并随着遗尿严重程度而不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。家长因遗尿而责备或打骂儿童的发生率较高。遗尿儿童普遍存在睡前多饮。结论医护应注重对遗尿患儿和家长的情绪疏导,从心理指导和行为治疗等多方面进行防治。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and related factors of nocturnal enuresis in children and adolescents aged 5-18 years in Pudong New Area of Shanghai,and to provide evidence for clinical prevention and treatment.Methods Using a cross-sectional survey research method,a questionnaire survey was conducted among the parents of children and adolescents aged 5-18 years in 12 schools in Pudong New Area by random cluster sampling.According to the severity of enuresis,the children were divided into two groups:the enuresis group and the group who had bed wetting within 3 months.Results A total of 2711 questionnaires were distributed and 2627 cases of enuresis were collected,the questionnaire response rate was 96.90%.In this study,the prevalence of enuresis in children and adolescents aged 5-18 was 1.26%(33/2627),1.77%(24/1358)in males,and 0.71%(9/1269)in females.The prevalence of enuresis in males was higher than that in females(P=0.015).Enuresis improves gradually with age;33.3%(11/33)of the children and adolescents with enuresis had a family history,25.7%(29/113)of the children with bed wetting within 3 months had a family history,and enuresis was obviously correlated with inheritance.Enuresis affected the mood and quality of life of children and family members,and the difference was statistically significant with the severity of enuresis(P<0.05).The incidence of parents blaming and abusing children for enuresis was high.Excessive bedtime drinking was common in children with enuresis.Conclusion Clinicians should pay attention to the emotion disclosure of children with enuresis and their parents.Prevention and treatment should be carried out from many aspects,such as psychological guidance and behavioral therapy.