尼采的记忆术

Nietzsche's Mnemotechnik

尼采以历史的哲思来审视西方哲学传统,在其中,记忆被视为一个重要因素。何种记忆,为何记忆,如何记忆,这些就成为尼采消解哲学传统并建立新哲学的重要途径。尼采将记忆与人类的生理学机制密切关联,于是生理可感的痛苦成为了一种哲学本体,这在逻辑上可能导致的一个后果就是记忆的方式与内容融为一体,此为尼采记忆术的关键特征。虽然尼采本人明确地区分颓废者与超人的痛苦与记忆,但作为一种哲学的逻辑效应,这种记忆术使得主动记忆与被动记忆之差别不再清晰,而“自我升华”与“制造效果”的生命实践亦趋于混同,这在自我生活的艺术化中体现得尤为明显,其影响一直延续至今。

Nietzsche examines the western philosophical tradition through historical philosophical thinking,then memory is considered as an essential factor.What kind of memory,why and how to remember have become the important way for Nietzsche to dispel the philosophical tradition and establish a new philosophy.Nietzsche closely related memory to human physiological mechanism,then physical pain has an ontological meaning for life in Nietzsche's philosophy,which could logically make the technic and content of memory inseparable,and this is a key character of Nietzsche's Mnemotechnik.Although Nietzsche himself clearly distinguishes the pain and memory of decadent and Superman,but as a logical consequence,this kind of Mnemotechnik(mnemotechnics)makes the difference between active memory and passive memory no longer clear,at the same time,the life practice of"self-becoming"and"effectmanufacturing"tends to be confused,and its influence has continued until this day.