2022年全国血吸虫病防治进展

Progress of schistosomiasis control in People’s Republic of China in 2022

本文通报2022年全国血吸虫病疫情概况,并对全国血吸虫病防治和监测工作数据进行汇总和分析。截至2022年底,全国12个血吸虫病流行省(直辖市、自治区)中,上海、浙江、福建、广东、广西等5个省(直辖市、自治区)继续维持血吸虫病消除状态,四川、江苏省继续维持传播阻断标准,云南、湖北、安徽、江西、湖南等5个省维持传播控制标准。全国共有452个血吸虫病流行县(市、区)、27434个流行村,流行村总人口7342.44万人;452个流行县(市、区)中,343个(75.89%)达到血吸虫病消除标准、106个(23.45%)达到传播阻断标准、3个(0.66%)达到传播控制标准。2022年,全国累计开展血吸虫病血检查病4317356人,阳性62228人;开展粪检查病208646人,阳性1人,另有2例尿液镜检阳性者,3例均为非洲输入血吸虫病病例。2022年,全国尚存晚期血吸虫病患者28565例。全国共有18891个流行村开展了钉螺分布调查,6917个村查出钉螺,占调查总数的36.62%,新查出有螺村8个;累计查螺655703.01 hm^(2),查出有螺面积183888.60 hm^(2),其中新发现有螺面积110.58 hm^(2)、复现钉螺面积844.35 hm^(2)。血吸虫病流行区现有存栏耕牛477200头,累计血检查病113946头,阳性204头;粪检查病131715头,未发现粪检阳性耕牛。2022年,全国累计治疗血吸虫病患者19726例,扩大化疗714465人·次,扩大化疗耕牛234737头·次;累计开展药物灭螺总面积119134.07 hm^(2),实际药物灭螺65825.27 hm^(2),环境改造灭螺1163.96 hm^(2)。2022年全国血吸虫病监测结果显示,居民和耕牛血吸虫感染率均为0,未发现感染性钉螺。疫情数据分析显示,2022年全国血吸虫病疫情持续向低,3例确诊病例均为非洲输入外籍血吸虫病患者,钉螺面积居高不下;需继续完善血吸虫病监测预警体系建设、加强钉螺监测与控制,防止疫情反弹。

This report presented the endemic status of schistosomiasis and analyzed the data collected from the national schis⁃tosomiasis prevention and control system and national schistosomiasis surveillance program in the People’s Republic of China in 2022.Among the 12 provinces(municipality and autonomous region)endemic for schistosomiasis,Shanghai Municipality,Zheji⁃ang Province,Fujian Province,Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region continued to maintain the achieve⁃ments of schistosomiasis elimination,and Sichuan and Jiangsu provinces maintained the criteria of transmission interruption,while Yunnan,Hubei,Anhui,Jiangxi and Hunan provinces maintained the criteria of transmission control by the end of 2022.A total of 452 counties(cites,districts)were found to be endemic for schistosomiasis in China in 2022,with 27434 endemic villag⁃es covering 73424400 people at risk of infections.Among the 452 endemic counties(cities,districts),75.89%(343/452),23.45%(106/452)and 0.66%(3/452)achieved the criteria of elimination,transmission interruption and transmission control of schistosomiasis,respectively.In 2022,4317356 individuals received serological tests for schistosomiasis,and 62228 were sero⁃positive.A total of 208646 individuals received stool examinations for schistosomiasis,with one positive and another two cases positive for urine microscopy,and these three 3 cases were imported schistosomiasis patients from Africa.There were 28565 cases with advanced schistosomiasis documented in China by the end of 2022.Oncomelania hupensis snail survey was performed in 18891 endemic villages in China in 2022 and O.hupensis snails were found in 6917 villages(36.62%of all surveyed villages),with 8 villages identified with emerging snail habitats.Snail survey was performed at an area of 655703.01 hm^(2) and 183888.60 hm^(2) snail habitats were found,including 110.58 hm^(2) emerging snail habitats and 844.35 hm^(2) re⁃emerging snail habitats.There were 477200 bovines raised in the schistosomiasis endemic areas of China in 2022,and 113946 bovines received serological ex⁃aminations for schistosomiasis,with 204 sero⁃positives detected.Among the 131715 bovines received stool examinations,no pos⁃itives were identified.In 2022,there were 19726 schistosomiasis patients receiving praziquantel chemotherapy,and expanded chemotherapy was performed in 714465 person⁃time for humans and 234737 herd⁃time for bovines in China.In 2022,snail control with chemical treatment was performed at an area of 119134.07 hm^(2),and the actual area of chemical treatment was 65825.27 hm^(2),while environmental improvements were performed at an area of 1163.96 hm^(2).Data from the national schistoso⁃miasis surveillance program of China showed that the mean prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections was both zero in hu⁃mans and bovines in 2022,and no S.japonicum infection was detected in O.hupensis snails.These data demonstrated that the en⁃demic status of schistosomiasis continued to decline in China in 2022,with 3 confirmed schistosomiasis patients that had a for⁃eign nationality and all imported from Africa,and the areas of snail habitats remained high.Further improvements in the con⁃struction of the schistosomaisis surveillance and forecast system,and reinforcement of O.hupensis survey and control are re⁃quired to prevent the re⁃emerging schistosomiasis.