竖缝式鱼道180°转弯段水力特性与结构优化研究

Study on Hydraulic Characteristic and Structural Optimization of Flow in 180°Turning Pools for Vertical Slot Fishways

针对目前鱼道180°转弯段存在水流条件差、影响鱼类上溯的问题,通过延长转弯段上下游长度并增设整流导板来改善水流条件。结合国内某竖缝式鱼道工程设计,采用数值模拟的方法研究了四种转弯段结构水流流态、流速、紊动能和紊动耗散率分布问题。结果表明,延长转弯段上下游长度的同时增设整流导板可有效引导主流居中,维持主流稳定,避免转弯段内产生大尺度回流区,具有良好的上溯条件。研究结果可为鱼道工程改造和设计提供参考。

In view of the problem that the current 180°turning pool of the fishway has poor flow condition and affects the fish's upward tracing,the water flow condition was improved by extending the length of the upstream and downstream of the turning section and adding the staggered guide plate.Based on the study of a certain vertical slot fishway,numerical simulation was used to research on the distribution of flow regime,velocity,turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation rate of four turning pool structures.The results indicate that extending the length of the upstream and downstream of the turning section and adding the staggered guide plate can effectively guide the mainstream to center,maintain the stability of the mainstream and avoid the formation of a large-scale recirculation zone,and it is beneficial to migratory fish.The results of this study can provide reference for the reconstruction and design of fishway.