资本主义精神的伪道德性审视——以《新教伦理与资本主义精神》为中心的考察

An Examination of the Pseudo-morality of the Spirit of Capitalism-Centered on The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

马克斯·韦伯在《新教伦理与资本主义精神》中首次提出了“资本主义精神”的概念,并强调诞生于新教伦理的资本主义精神,正是推动理性资本主义生产发展的重要力量。而事实上,资本主义精神只不过是现实生产异化的观念化延续,它以理性资本主义物质生产为前提,根植于现实的资本主义生产逻辑之中。囿于阶级属性、价值观念和“理想类型”的分析范式,马克斯·韦伯未能察觉出资本主义精神的产生前提、特殊本质和历史作用的伪道德性。透视资本主义精神的伪道德性,对于深刻领会无产阶级革命思想,进行具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争,有着重大的理论和现实意义。

Max Weber first proposed the concept of"spirit of capitalism"in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism and emphasized that the capitalist spirit born in Protestant ethics is an important force to promote the development of rational capitalist production.In fact,the spirit of capitalism is only a continuation of the alienation of realistic production in concept.It is based on the premise of rational capitalist material production,and is rooted in the realistic capitalist production logic.Due to the limitations of the analytical paradigms of class,value and"ideal type",Max Weber failed to detect the pseudo-morality of the premise,concrete manifestation,internal essence and historical role of capitalist spirit.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to look into the pseudo-morality of the spirit of capitalism for the profound understanding of the proletarian revolutionary thought and the great struggle with many new historical characteristics.