汉语分裂句中“是”与“的”的属性及分裂结构的判定

The Attribute of是(shi)and的(de)in Chinese Cleft Sentences and the Determinants of Cleft Constructions

从“是”与“的”属性角度,可以对汉语分裂句结构进行判定。“是……的”结构中存在焦点类“是”字句和系表类“是”字句。焦点类“是”字句可认定为分裂句。第一,形式为“是+S+(Ad)+V+(的)+O+(的)”或“S+是+(Ad)+V+(的)+O+(的)”。第二,“是”轻读,无实义,表强调,可省略,省略后不影响句子结构;“的”与“是”不同,不标记分裂句的焦点,在句中可以省略,可以出现在末尾或者句中。第三,“是”与“的”起缩小焦点范围的作用,但无法圈定焦点。系表类“是”字句中,“是”重读,表“的确”,可强调,同时具有动词特征,不能省略。

This paper examines the determinants of Chinese cleft constructions with是(shi)and的(de).The core findings are as follows.There exist two categories of shi in the shi...de construction,with focal or predicative functions respectively.Sentences with a focal shi can be defined as cleft sentences.First,the form is"shi+S+(Ad)+V+(de)+O+(de)"or"S+shi+(Ad)+V+(de)+O+(de)".Second,shi is unstressed with no specific meaning,thus having no impact on the sentence structure once removed.In contrast to shi,de does not mark the focus of a sentence and can be omitted in many cases,and it can be placed at the end or in the middle of a sentence.Third,both shi and de are conducive in narrow the focal scale but cannot pin down the focus.The predicative shi is usually stressed in a cleft sentence,meaning"indeed"and having the attribute of a verb,hence cannot be omitted.