毛泽东对列宁“向社会主义过渡”理论中国化的历史贡献

Mao Zedong's Historic Contribution to the Adaptation of Lenin's "Transition to Socialism" to the Chinese Context

新中国成立后,毛泽东结合中国国情,在社会主义改造过程中,对列宁“向社会主义过渡”的理论进行了创新和发展。在农业社会主义改造中,在农民走上社会主义道路的内生动力、过渡模式和价值目的等方面,毛泽东发展了列宁的工农联盟思想;在资本主义工商业改造中,毛泽东继承了列宁将资本主义工商业分为大资本和中小资本的做法;在改造官僚资本和民族资本的问题上,毛泽东对列宁“国家资本主义”思想作出了符合中国实际的发展和完善。毛泽东关于由新民主主义向社会主义转变的理论是列宁“向社会主义过渡”理论在中国的落地和发展,体现了社会主义改造道路一般性与特殊性的统一、马克思列宁主义内容与中国本土形式的有机结合,以及马克思列宁主义价值内涵的深化和升华。

Upon the founding of the People's Republic of China,Mao Zedong adapted Lenin's theory of"transition to socialism"in the process of socialist transformation of industries in light of China's realities.In the socialist transformation of agriculture,Mao advanced Lenin's idea of the worker-peasant alliance in terms of the endogenous motivation of the peasants to embark on the journey to socialism,the mode of transition,and the value and purpose of the transition.In the transformation of capitalist industry and commerce,Mao inherited Lenin's practice of dividing capitalist industry and commerce into large capital,and medium and small capital,whereas,development and perfection of Lenin's"state capitalism"was made in transforming the bureaucratic capital and national capital in accordance with Chinese reality.Hence,Mao Zedong's theory on the transformation from new democracy to socialism is the landing and development of Lenin's theory of"transition to socialism"in China,reflecting the integration of generality and specificity in socialist transformation,the combination of tenet of Marxism-Leninism with Chinese practice,and the promotion of the value of Marxism-Leninism.