从重庆到延安:抗战时期朝鲜义勇队的困境与选择

From Chongqing to Yan'an:The Dilemma and Choice of the Korean Volunteer Team during the Anti-Japanese War

朝鲜义勇队投奔中共是抗战时期韩人独立复国运动过程中寻求民族利益最大化的自主选择之举,但同时也交织着国共两党在朝鲜问题上的博弈。抗战相持阶段,国民政府基于反共立场,改变以往“两路并进”的援韩政策,转而重点扶植金九派筹建韩国光复军,朝鲜义勇队地位下降,处境日益艰难。而中共出于对国民党反共的回应,自六届六中全会以后,公开接纳朝鲜义勇队“北上”。国共两党的抗日政策和态度,为在华韩人提供了在两种道路之间进行选择的可能,中共“坚持抗战”和“民族自决”的宽大政策,是吸引朝鲜义勇队“北上”的重要原因。在此过程中,朝鲜青年前卫同盟以及队长金元凤早年的共产主义实践和理解,是促使朝鲜义勇队做出选择的决定力量。

The Korean Volunteer Team's delisting to the Communist Party of China(CPC)was an independent choice for the Koreans to maximize their national interests during the anti-Japanese independence movement,but it also intertwined the game between the Kuomintang and CPC on the Korean issue.In the stalemate stage of the War of Resistance Against Japan,the Nationalist Government changed its previous policy of"two ways of advancing side by side"to aid Korea based on its"anticommunist"stand.In response to the Kuomintang's"anti-communism",the Communist Party has openly accepted the Korean Volunteer Team's"north"since the"Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Commitee".The anti-Japanese policies and attitudes of the Kuomintang and CPC provide two possibilities for Koreans in China to choose between.CPC's leniency policy of"persisting in the war of resistance"and"national self-determination"is an important incentive for Korean volunteers to go north.In this process,the early communist practice and understanding of the Korean Youth Avant-Garde League and captain Kim Won-bong was the deciding force that prompted the Korean Volunteer Team to make a choice.