2020年—2022年临海市食源性铝污染状况调查分析

Investigation and analysis of foodborne aluminum contamination in Linhai City from 2020 to 2022

目的了解2020年—2022年临海市食品中铝污染的现状,为市场监管和食品安全风险评估提供参考。方法采集临海市市售的淀粉制品、小麦粉制品、油炸面制品、烘焙食品和腌制海产品共计278份,按食品安全国家标准《食品中铝的测定》(GB 5009.182—2017)方法进行检测,并按照《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》(GB 2760—2014)进行评价分析。结果除烘焙食品中铝含量无超标外,腌制海产品(海蜇)超标率最高,包装产品合格率高于散装产品,差异有统计学意义(Z=2.548,P=0.011)。不同来源地点采样,超市样品合格率为100.0%,农贸市场样品合格率为90.2%,个体摊点样品合格率为84.7%,不同采样地点样品合格率差异有统计学意义(H=14.071,P=0.001)。2020年食品中铝含量合格率为94.6%,2021年食品中铝含量合格率为94.0%,2022年食品中铝含量合格率为80.4%,不同年份食品中铝合格率差异有统计学意义(H=36.181,P<0.001)。结论临海市市售食品中铝含量超标水平总体不高,但海蜇、油条、油饼中铝含量超标情况相对比较突出,建议对上述铝易超标产品加大监管力度和强度,保障食品安全。

Objective This paper aims to understand the current status of aluminum contamination in foods in Linhai City dur⁃ing 2020-2022,so as to provide reference for the market regulation and food safety risk assessment.Methods Two hundred and seventy-eight commercially available food products,including starch,wheat flour,fried food,baked food and marinated seafood products,were collected from Linhai food markets.The content of aluminum in food samples was determined according to the National Food Safety Standards of China:Test Methods for Aluminum(GB 5009.182—2017).Then,evaluation of the results was performed following the National Food Safety Standard-Standards for Uses of Food Additives Chinese Standard(GB 2760—2014).Results The content of aluminum did not exceed the standard except in baked food,marinated seafood(jelly⁃fish)had the highest exceeding rate,and the qualified rate of packaged products was higher than bulk product,with the differ⁃ences statistically significant(Z=2.548,P=0.011).Among various sampling locations,the pass rate was 100.0%in super⁃markets,90.2%in farmers'markets and 84.7%in individual stalls,with the difference statistically significant(H=14.071,P=0.001).The qualified rate of aluminum content in food was 94.6%in 2020,94.0%in 2021,and 80.4%in 2022.There was statistical significance on the difference in the qualified rate of aluminum content in food in different years(H=36.181,P<0.001).Conclusion The overall exceeding rate of aluminum in commercially available foods in Linhai is not high.How⁃ever,the exceedance of aluminum in jellyfish,fried dough stick and cruller are relatively prominent.Therefore,it is suggested to increase supervision efforts on above-mentioned food products which are susceptible to aluminum contamination,so as to en⁃sure food safety.