2006年—2021年长兴县新发尘肺病流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of new pneumoconiosis cases in Changxing County from 2006 to 2021

目的分析2006年—2021年长兴县新发尘肺病的流行病学特征,为制定尘肺病的防治计划提供基础依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2006年—2021年确诊的新病例,使用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析。结果长兴县2006年—2021年共报告新确诊职业性尘肺病病例396例,以壹期为主(288/396)。主要病种是矽肺(196/396)和煤工尘肺(158/396)。新确诊病例年龄中位数为53(47,63)岁,接尘工龄中位数为17.41(9.00,25.31)年。电焊工尘肺患者的工龄最短,煤工尘肺患者的工龄最长。不同类型的职业性尘肺病患者接尘工龄差异有统计学意义(H=58.79,P<0.001)。随着年代的推移,新确诊的职业性尘肺病患者的年龄有逐渐变小的趋势,接尘工龄有缩短的趋势(H=264.54,P<0.001)。尘肺病主要集中在采矿业和制造业;用人单位以职业病危害风险类别为“严重”的,私营的、小型企业为主。结论职业性尘肺病的发生与行业密切相关,应重点关注职业病危害风险类别为“严重”的用人单位,方可有效遏制尘肺病的发生。

Objective This paper aims to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of new pneumoconiosis cases in Changxing County from 2006 to 2021,so as to provide basis for making a prevention and control plan of pneumoconiosis.Methods The data of new pneumoconiosis cases from 2006 to 2021 were collected from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System and analyzed statistically by SPSS 21.0 software.Results From 2006 to 2021,a total of 396 new occupational pneumo⁃coniosis cases were reported in Changxing County,mainly stage I(288/396).The main types of pneumoconiosis are silicosis(196/396)and coal worker's neumoconiosis(158/396).The median age of new confirmed cases was 53(47,63)years old,and the median length of dust exposure was 17.41(9.00,25.31)years.Electric welders with pneumoconiosis had the shortest duration of dust exposure,while coal miners with pneumoconiosis had the longest duration of dust exposure.The difference of the exposure time to dust in different types of occupational pneumoconiosis patients was statistically significant(H=58.79,P<0.001)is significant in terms of statistics.As time went by,the age of new confirmed occupational pneumoconiosis patients has gradually decreased,and the length of dust exposure is shortening(H=264.54,P<0.001).Pneumoconiosis was mainly occurred in mining and manufacturing industries.Private and small enterprises are mainly the units with severe occupational disease hazard risk.Conclusion The occurrence of occupational pneumoconiosis is closely related to industry.Pneumoconiosis can be effectively prevented when more attention was paied to units with severe occuoational disease hazard risk.