互惠共赢的工程总分包双层代理激励设计

Mutual benefit design of dual-level agent incentive for general contractor and sub-contractors of projects

工程总分包模式中发包方、总承包方和分包方三个利益主体,形成“发包方→总承包方→分包方”双层代理关系。基于主体的互惠公平偏好,在“固定合同价+建设优化收益分成奖励”的合约中引入固定激励额度,作为事前行为导向的机制设计,提高两级代理人的确定性收入。进一步针对工程总分包模式的特征,从总承包方视角构建了双层代理模型,并进行算例分析。结果表明行为引导性激励拥有事前激励的优点,可以弥补建设优化奖励不确定性较大的局限性,进一步提升激励空间,有利于交易各方合作共赢;行为引导性激励与建设优化收益分成奖励互为补充并存在部分替代关系,委托人可以通过建设优化收益分成奖励的部分前移,提高代理人的心理期望值;总承包方作为中间主体,通过选择对分包方的激励策略组合,调整总、分包方建设优化投入与利益分配,强化在双层代理关系中的纽带作用。

The three interest subjects in general-subcontracting mode are the owner,the general contractor,and the subcontractor,forming a dual-level agent relationship of“owner→general contractor→sub-contractor”.Based on the reciprocal and fair preference of the subject,a fixed incentive limit is introduced into the contract of“fixed contract price+construction optimization reward”,which is used as an ex-ante behavior-guided mechanism design.Furthermore,according to the characteristics of the general contracting mode,a dual-level agent model is constructed from the perspective of the general contractor,and a numerical example is analyzed.The results show that the behavior-guided incentives have the advantages of ex-ante incentives,overcoming the limitations of ex-post revenue sharing incentives and further enhancing the incentive space;The behavior-guided incentive and the construction optimization revenue sharing incentive complement each other and have a partial substitution relationship.The principal can improve the agent’s psychological expectation by moving forward the part of the revenue sharing incentive;As the intermediate subject,the general contractor adjusts the construction of the general contractor and the sub-contractor and optimizes the investment and benefit distribution.