独脚金内酯研究进展及其在药用植物的应用展望

Research progress in strigolactones and application prospect in medicinal plants

独脚金内酯(strigolactones, SLs)是一类来源于类胡萝卜素(carotenoid)生物合成途径的倍半萜化合物,其核心碳骨架由三环内酯(ABC三环)与α,β-不饱和呋喃环(D环)构成。SLs广泛存在于高等植物中,是植物与丛枝菌根Arbuscular mycorrhiza共生的主要信号分子,在植物登陆进化过程中发挥至关重要作用。SLs作为一种新型植物激素,具有抑制植物分枝(分蘖)、调控根系构型、促进次生生长、提高抗逆性等重要生物学功能,因而受到广泛关注。SLs的生物学功能不仅与“优形优质”中药材的形成紧密关联,而且对高质量药材的生产具有重要实践意义。但是,目前SLs在水稻Oryza sativa、拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana等模式植物及农作物中研究较深入,在药用植物中相关研究报道较少,亟待加强。鉴于此,该文重点综述了SLs的分离与鉴定、生物合成及人工合成途径、生物合成部位与转运方式、信号转导途径及机制、生物学功能等最新研究进展,并展望了SLs在药用植物生长发育调控机制研究及其对中药材生产定向调控的应用前景,以期为SLs在中药资源领域的深入研究提供借鉴。

Strigolactones(SLs)are a class of sesquiterpenoids derived from the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway with the core carbon skeleton consisting of tricyclic lactone(ABC tricyclic ring)andα,β-unsaturated furan ring(D ring).SLs are widely distributed in higher plants and are symbiotic signals between plants and Arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM),which play key roles in the evolution of plant colonizing terrestrial habitats.As a new type of plant hormone,SLs possess such important biological functions as inhibiting shoot branching(tillers),regulating root architecture,promoting secondary growth,and improving plant stress resistance.Therefore,SLs have attracted wide attention.The biological functions of SLs are not only closely related to the formation of"excellent shape and quality"of Chinese medicinal materials but also have important practical significance for the production of high-quality medicinal materials.However,SLs have been currently widely studied in model plants and crops such as Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana,and few related studies have been reported on SLs in medicinal plants,which need to be strengthened.This review focused on the latest research progress in the isolation and identification,biological and artificial synthesis pathways,biosynthesis sites and transport modes,signal transduction pathways and mechanisms,and biological functions of SLs,and prospected the research on the regulation mechanism of SLs in the growth and development of medicinal plants and their related application on targeted regulation of Chinese herbal medicine production,which is expected to provide some references for the in-depth research on SLs in the field of Chinese medicinal resources.