中药材新品种选育现状与DUS测试指南研制进展

DUS testing guidelines for new varieties of Chinese medicinal plants

我国野生药用植物资源丰富,但中药材新品种选育工作起步较晚,育种水平相对较弱。中药资源是开展新品种选育的基础,新品种保护权对种质资源的保护和开发具有重要意义,但大部分中药材尚未研制出特异性、一致性、稳定性(DUS)测试指南。农业农村部颁布的191个种(属)植物保护名录直接涉及中药材的仅有30个种(属),《中华人民共和国植物新品种保护名录(林草部分)》颁布的293个种(属)植物中仅有29个种(属)属于中药材。中药材植物新品种保护的申请及授权数量少,且品种构成不合理。截至目前,我国已完成29个种(属)中药材DUS测试指南研制,中药材新品种选育工作也存在新品种数量少和资源利用不充分等主要问题。该文概述了我国中药材新品种选育现状和DUS测试指南研制进展,并探讨了生物技术在中药材育种领域的应用及现有DUS测试存在的问题,为进一步利用DUS测试保护和利用中药种质资源提供指导。

A rich diversity of wild medicinal plant resources is distributed in China,but the breeding of new plant varieties of Chinese medicinal plants started late and the breeding level is relatively weak.Chinese medicinal plant resources are the foundation for new varieties breeding,and the plant variety rights(PVP)are of great significance for the protection and development of germplasm resources.However,most Chinese medicinal plants do not have a distinctness,uniformity,and stability(DUS)testing guideline.The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has put 191 plant species(genera)on protection lists,of which only 30 are medicinal species(genera).At the same time,only 29 of 293 species(genera)plants in the Protection List of New Plant Varieties of the People′s Republic of China(Forest and Grass)belong to Chinese medicinal plants.The number of PVP applications and authorization of Chinese medicinal plants is rare,and the composition of variety is unreasonable.Up to now,29 species(genera)of DUS test guidelines for Chinese medicinal plants have been developed.Some basic problems in the breeding of new varieties of Chinese medicinal plants have appeared,such as the small number of new varieties and insufficient utilization of Chinese medicinal plant resources.This paper reviewed the current situation of breeding of new varieties of Chinese medicinal plants and the research progress of DUS test guidelines in China and discussed the application of biotechnology in the field of Chinese medicinal plant breeding and the existing problems in DUS testing.This paper guides the further application of DUS to protect and utilize the germplasm resources of Chinese medicinal plants.