奶牛氮代谢及其营养调控的研究进展

Research Progress of Nitrogen Metabolism and Nutrient Regulation in Dairy Cows

奶牛生产中蛋白质饲料用量大,氮排泄量大,氮利用效率较低,使得奶牛养殖成本增加,同时产生氮资源浪费和污染环境等问题。改善饲粮营养组成是调控奶牛氮代谢的直接途径。本文综述了奶牛氮代谢途径和近年来营养调控奶牛氮利用效率的研究进展,并从改善牧草种类、寻找豆粕替代物和开发促进氮代谢添加剂等角度,为通过营养手段调控奶牛氮代谢提供参考。

Dairy cow production is characterized by high protein feed consumption,high nitrogen excretion and low nitrogen utilization efficiency,which increases the cost of dairy farming and produces problems such as waste of nitrogen resources and environment pollution.Improving the nutrition composition of diet is a direct way to regulate nitrogen metabolism in dairy cows.This paper reviewed the nitrogen metabolism pathways in dairy cows and recent research on nutrition regulation of nitrogen utilization efficiency in dairy cows,in order to provide reference for regulating nitrogen metabolism in dairy cows through nutrition methods from the per⁃spectives of improving forage species,finding soybean meal substitutes and developing additives to promote ni⁃trogen metabolism.