冬季不同带仔模式对乳鸽屠宰性能、器官指数、血清生化指标、肉品质及肠道发育的影响

Effects of Different Rearing Patterns on Slaughter Performance,Organ Indices,Serum Biochemical Indices,Meat Quality and Intestinal Development of Squabs in Winter

本试验旨在研究冬季不同带仔模式对乳鸽屠宰性能、器官指数、血清生化指标、肉品质及肠道发育的影响。选取144对年龄和体重相近、繁殖性能相似的欧洲米马斯白鸽,随机分成3组,每组8个重复,每个重复6对种鸽。各组每对种鸽分别哺育2(2+2组)、3(2+3组)、4只(2+4组)乳鸽。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)2+4组的乳鸽的活重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、半净膛率、全净膛率和胸肌率均显著低于2+2组和2+3组(P<0.05),2+2组和2+3组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)2+4组的心脏和肌胃重量显著低于2+2组(P<0.05),2+2组和2+3组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。2+4组的心脏、肝脏和腺胃指数显著高于2+2组和2+3组(P<0.05),2+2组和2+3组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。各组之间脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊重量和指数均差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)2+4组的胸肌24 h pH和亮度(L*)值显著高于2+2组(P<0.05),胸肌黄度(b*)值和滴水损失显著低于2+2组(P<0.05),2+3组和2+2组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)乳鸽屠体重和胸肌重与胸肌滴水损失呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与胸肌L*值、24 h pH呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。5)2+3组乳鸽空肠绒毛高度(VH)显著高于2+2组(P<0.05),绒毛高度/隐窝深度(VH/CD)显著高于2+2组和2+4组(P<0.05)。2+3组和2+4组乳鸽回肠上皮细胞厚度(ECT)显著低于2+2组(P<0.05)。6)2+3组和2+4组的总利润比2+2组分别增加了36和139元。由此可见,带仔数的增加可以提高鸽场的经济效益,但带仔数过高会提高乳鸽死亡率,乳鸽的生长速度和肉品质也会受到负面影响。综合上述指标,建议冬季乳鸽生产采用2+3的带仔模式。

The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of different rearing patterns on slaughter perform⁃ance,organ indices,serum biochemical indices,meat quality and intestinal development of squabs in winter.A total of 144 pairs of European Mimas white pigeons with similar age and weight and similar reproductive per⁃formance were randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 replicates in each group and 6 pairs breeding pigeons in each replicate.Each pair of breeding pigeons in each group reared 2(2+2 group),3(2+3 group)and 4(2+4 group)squabs.The test period was 21 days.The results showed as follows:1)the live weight,slaughter weight,half eviscerated weight,eviscerated weight,breast muscle weight,half eviscerated rate,eviscerated rate and breast muscle rate of squabs in 2+4 group were significantly lower than those in 2+2 group and 2+3 group(P<0.05),and there were no significant differences between 2+2 group and 2+3 group(P>0.05).2)The heart and muscular stomach weights in 2+4 group were significantly lower than those in 2+2 group(P<0.05),and there were no significant differences between 2+2 group and 2+3 group(P>0.05).The heart,liv⁃er and glandular stomach indexes in 2+4 group were significantly higher than those in 2+2 group and 2+3 group(P<0.05),and there were no significant differences between 2+2 group and 2+3 group(P>0.05).There were no significant differences in spleen,thymus and bursa of Fabricius weights and indexes among all groups(P>0.05).3)The breast muscle 24 h pH and brightness(L∗)value in 2+4 group were significantly higher than those in 2+2 group(P<0.05),the breast muscle yellowness(b∗)value and drip loss were signif⁃icantly lower than those in 2+2 group(P<0.05),and there were no significant differences between 2+2 group and 2+3 group(P>0.05).4)The slaughter weight and breast muscle weight of squabs were significantly posi⁃tively correlated with the breast muscle drip loss(P<0.05),and significantly negatively correlated with the breast muscle L∗value and 24 h pH(P<0.05).5)The jejunal villi height(VH)in 2+3 group was signifi⁃cantly higher than that in 2+2 group(P<0.05),and the villi height/crypt depth(VH/CD)was significantly higher than in 2+2 group and 2+4 group(P<0.05).The ileal epithelial cell thickness(ECT)in 2+3 group and 2+4 group was significantly lower than that in 2+2 group(P<0.05).6)The total profit in 2+3 group and 2+4 group increased by 36 and 139 RMB compared with the 2+2 group,respectively.It can be seen that the increase of rearing number can improve the economic efficiency of the farm,but the high rearing number will increase the death rate of squabs,and the growth rate and meat quality of squabs will be negatively affected.The above⁃mentioned indicators suggest the adoption of 2+3 rearing pattern for winter squab production.