皎然“文体四变”说及其思想史意义

Jiaoran’s“Four Changes of Poetry”and Its Significance in Ideological History

中唐儒释道三教融合不断加深,而生活在此时期的皎然早年习儒入道,后终归于佛门。皎然在《诗式》中提出“文体四变”这一重要命题。其将“文体”定位于儒家风雅诗教,而“诗道”则被理解为作诗之道。因此,在这一理论支撑下,“文体四变”应该分别为《古诗十九首》、齐梁诗、俗律诗与大历诗。这一方面正合当时儒者重振文道关系的潮流,另一方面也为皎然借阐诗宣扬佛法提供了便利。而于思想史上,尽管皎然以佛教为宗,撰《诗式》也意在彰显佛法之高妙,但客观上依然促进了儒释思想的融合。

In the middle Tang Dynasty,the integration of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism was deepened.Jiaoran,who lived in this era,learned Confucianism and Taoism in his early years,and finally converted to Buddhism.He put forward the important proposition of four changes of poetry in Poetic Patterns.He positioned style in the Confucian poetry,and the Shi Dao was understood as the principles of creating poetry.Therefore,under the support of this theory,four changes of poetry should be Nineteen Old Poems,Qi and Liang dynasties’poems,vulgar metrical poetry and poems in Dali periods respectively.On the one hand,it was in line with the trend of literati and officialdom to revitalize the relationship between literature and Taoism at that time.On the other hand,it also provided convenience for Jiaoran to publicize Buddhism by explaining poetry.In the history of ideology,although Jiaoran took Buddhism as his religion and his Poetic Patterns showed the excellence of Buddhism,objectively,it promoted the integration of Confucianism and Buddhism.