科学价值负荷的多重维度分析

A Multiple Dimensional Study on the Value Load of Scientific Theory

经库恩科学论历史转向推动,科学理论价值无涉的观点面临挑战。后逻辑经验主义图景下,分别从科学语境(性别与文化因素)、科学主体(须作出价值判断的科学家职能)、价值性质(相对和绝对价值判断)及科学非表征(科学实践哲学)等多个维度剖析了科学价值负荷的不可避免,并最终强调,持先验客观的神目论但存在于经验世界的拉普拉斯小妖将选择权交给科学家,科学理论必然根植于价值判断。

The traditional philosophy of science has emphasized that science is value free.However,motivated by the historical turn of Kuhn’s study on science,the objectivity of science faces challenges.In the framework of post logical empiricism,it is analyzed that value load of science is inevitable from multiple dimensions:science context(gender and cultural factors),science subjects(scientists having to make value judgments),value nature(instrumental judgment of value and categorical judgment of value),and scientific practice philosophy.Finally,it is emphasized that the Laplace’s demon who has a priori and objective God’s eyes but exists in the empirical world gives the rights of choice to scientists,and scientific theories must be rooted in the value judgments.