粪菌微生物移植在哺乳动物中的研究进展

Research Progress on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Mammals

在小鼠、猪、牛、羊、人等哺乳动物肠道中含有大量微生物,这些微生物对肠道稳态和宿主健康至关重要。肠道微生物紊乱会导致肠道炎症、神经系统疾病、功能代谢障碍等多种疾病,从而对动物及人类健康造成严重危害。在不同物种及不同品种间都会表现出各自独特的肠道微生物特征,这些微生物的稳态平衡对动物的健康非常重要。现阶段研究发现,粪菌微生物移植(fecal microbiota transplantation,FMT)在恢复肠道微生物失调、干预或重建哺乳动物肠道微生物菌群平衡中发挥着重要作用,FMT这一治疗手段也逐渐在感染性疾病和非感染性疾病中得到广泛应用。随着FMT技术的发展,在哺乳动物中通过调控微生物治疗肠道疾病或其他疾病的研究都有了新的方向,而这一技术手段也逐渐广泛应用于各个研究领域。本综述基于FMT在现有研究领域中的应用,总结了其被广泛应用于肠道及与肠道相关疾病中的研究进展,旨在为建立更规范、高效、安全、有益的哺乳动物FMT体系,以及FMT在提高哺乳动物生产性能、养殖、疾病防治等方面提供新参考、新思路。

It contains a large number of microorganisms in the intestines of mammals such as mice,pigs,cattle,sheep,humans,etc.,which are essential for intestinal homeostasis and host health.Intestinal microbial disorders can lead to intestinal inflammation,nervous system diseases,functional and metabolic disorders and other diseases,which cause serious harm to animal and human health.Different species and breeds exhibit unique gut microbial characteristics,and the homeostatic balance of these microorganisms is important for animal health.At this stage,the research has found that fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)plays an important role in restoring intestinal microbial dysregulation and intervening or reconstructing the balance of mammalian intestinal microbiota,and FMT is gradually widely used in infectious and non-infectious diseases.With the development of FMT technology,there is a new direction for the research whether mammals treat intestinal diseases by regulating microorganisms or other diseases,and this technical means is gradually widely used in various research fields.Based on the application of FMT in existing research areas,this review summarized the research progress on FMT widely used in the intestine and its related to diseases,so as to establish a more standardized,efficient,safe and beneficial FMT system for mammals,and provide new references and ideas for FMT in improving mammalian production performance,breeding and disease prevention.