早产儿宫外发育迟缓发生情况及影响因素分析

Analysis of the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation and its influence factors in preterm infants

目的分析早产儿宫外发育迟缓(EUGR)的发生情况及相关影响因素。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月宁明县人民医院新生儿科收治的114例早产儿为研究对象。收集早产儿围产期的情况、母孕期情况、住院治疗情况及并发症发生情况,分析早产儿EUGR的发生率及影响因素。结果早产儿EUGR发生率为44.7%,极低出生体重早产儿EUGR发生率为84.0%。EUGR组出生体重及Z评分、住院时间、小于胎龄儿发生率、出院体重及Z评分、肠外营养时间、机械通气使用率、中-重度支气管肺发育不良发生率、颅内出血发生率、血流动力学显著异常的动脉导管未闭发生率与非EUGR组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,出生体重及Z评分、中-重度支气管肺发育不良、血流动力学显著异常的动脉导管未闭与EUGR的发生密切相关(P<0.05)。结论出生体重越低,早产儿EUGR发生率越高,应加强早产儿管理,减少并发症,促进早产儿良好的追赶性生长。

Objective To analyze the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation(EUGR)and its related influence factors in preterm infants.Methods A total of 114 cases of preterm infants who were admitted to the Neonatology Department of Ningming People’s Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected for the study.Perinatal information,maternal pregnancy history,treatment during hospitalization,and complications of preterm infants were collected to analyze the incidence of EUGR in preterm infants and its influence factors.Results The incidence of EUGR was 44.7%in preterm infants and 84.0%in extremely low birth weight infants.There were statistically significant differences in birth weight and Z-score,duration of hospitalization,incidence of infants small for gestational age,discharge weight and Z-score,duration of parenteral nutrition,use of mechanical ventilation,incidence of moderate-severe broncho-pulmonary dysplasia,intracranial hemorrhage,and hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus between the EUGR group and non-EUGR group(P<0.05).The logistic regression analysis showed that birth weight and Z-score,moderate-severe broncho-pulmonary dysplasia,and hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus were associated with the EUGR(P<0.05).Conclusion The lower birth weight is associated with a higher likelihood of EUGR,and the management of preterm infants should be strengthened to reduce complications and promote good catch-up growth.