洞庭湖区山水林田湖草生态变化及修复对策研究

Ecological changes and restoration strategies of mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes and grasslands in Dongting Lake area

探讨洞庭湖区实施各项生态保护修复工程后生态变化的过程及特点,对于指导区域生态建设有积极作用。基于研究区2010,2015,2020年土地利用、数字高程模型与年最大归一化植被指数数据,探讨了洞庭湖区生态保护修复工程实施后山水林田湖草空间格局的时空演变特征及其生态变化。结果表明:湖泊面积显著增加,林地和农田面积减少明显,水域和草地面积少量增加,山地面积不变;相较岗地丘陵区和山地区,河湖平原区平均年最大植被覆盖度降低最为明显,其中平原农田降幅最大,亟需重点保护。建议在洞庭湖区后期生态建设中完善山体自然灾害监测机制,进行水环境针对性治理,实行林地分区修复管控,重视高标准农田建设和提升草地保护修复的关注度。最后,提出了洞庭湖区“山水林田湖草生命共同体”生态保护修复分项规划策略。

Exploring the process and characteristics of ecological changes after the implementation of various ecological protection and restoration projects in the Dongting Lake area has a positive effect on guiding regional ecological construction.Based on the land use,digital elevation model and annual maximum normalized vegetation index data of the study area in 2010,2015 and 2020,the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and ecological changes of the spatial pattern of mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes and grasslands after the implementation of ecological protection and restoration projects in the Dongting Lake area were discussed.The results showed that the lake area increased significantly,the forest land and farmland area decreased significantly,the water area and grassland area increased slightly,and the mountain area was unchanged.Compared with the hilly area and mountainous area,the average annual maximum vegetation coverage in the river-lake plain area decreased most obviously,among which the plain farmland decreased the most and needed to be protected.In the later ecological construction of the Dongting Lake area,it is suggested to improve the monitoring mechanism of mountain natural disasters,carry out targeted management of the water environment,implement the management and control of forest land partition restoration,attach importance to the construction of high standard farmland and enhance the grassland protection and restoration.Finally,we proposed the subitem restoration program suggestions for the mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes and grasslands in the Dongting Lake area respectively.