基于SEM模型的水库移民满意度影响因素实证分析

Empirical analysis of factors affecting reservoir resettlement satisfaction degree based on SEM model

为了解贵州省水库移民对“十一五”、“十二五”和“十三五”时期后期扶持的满意度情况,基于598份有效问卷调查数据,以社会保障、基础设施、经济、适应性4个维度作为潜变量,以各具体指标作为观测变量,采用结构方程模型(SEM)构建了水库移民满意度的结构方程。研究发现:社会保障、基础设施、经济、适应性因素均对水库移民满意度有显著影响,其中,适应性因素对水库移民满意度的影响最为显著;搬迁初期,经济因素对水库移民满意度的影响相对较小,而适应性因素则对水库移民满意度的影响较大。基于此提出:政府不断完善移民社会保障政策;坚持对水库移民进行“精准培训”,不断推进移民产业升级,促进移民可持续性增收;增加对移民安置区基础设施投入力度;重视水库移民适应性问题,不断增强水库移民归属感和主人翁意识的建议。

In order to understand the satisfaction degree of reservoir resettlement in Guizhou Province after the follow-up support during the"11th Five-Year Plan","12th Five-Year Plan"and"13th Five-Year Plan",a structural equation of reservoir resettlement satisfaction degree is constructed based on the survey data of 598 valid questionnaires and using the SEM model as the analytical tool,by taking four dimensions of social security,infrastructure,economy and adaptability as implicit variables,and various specific indexes as the observed variables.The study shows that factors of social security,infrastructure,economy and adaptivity all have significant impacts on the satisfaction degree of reservoir resettlement,among which the impact of adaptivity is most obvious.At the initial stage of resettlement,the economic factor shows a relatively less impact,while adaptive factors impact is greater.Based on this,the following suggestions are put forward:the government should continuously improve the social security policy for immigrants;Adhere to the"precise training"of reservoir immigrants,constantly promote the upgrading of the immigration industry,and promote the sustainable increase of income of immigrants;Increase investment in infrastructure for resettlement areas;Attach importance to the adaptability of reservoir immigrants,and constantly enhance the sense of belonging and master consciousness of reservoir immigrants.