西部民族地区控辍保学的政府作为——基于政策文本的内容分析

The Government’s Actions of Controlling Dropouts in the Western Ethnic Minority Areas——Text Analysis Based on the Policy of Dropout Control

西部民族地区适龄儿童因贫、信教、早婚早育而辍学的问题还较为突出。本文对改革开放40余年以来我国有关西部地区控辍保学政策文本进行梳理,利用质性分析软件NVivo11plus,对不同时期政策的主要内容进行编码量化分析。结果表明,萌芽时期的国家政策以强调严控学生流失为首;发展时期的国家政策突出西部攻坚计划;决战决胜关键时期的国家政策与省级层面政策中,按出现频次从高到低依次为保障控辍、依法控辍、扶贫控辍、质量控辍、组织控辍。40余年来,中国西部地区控辍保学政策由国家层面顶层设计、统一部署发展为国家层面统一领导、省级层面精准谋划,狠抓落实;西部地区各省控辍保学政策在内容上呈现出单中心、双中心与多中心等明显的省域特征。

The problem of school-age children dropping out of school due to poverty,religious belief,early marriage and childbearing in the western ethnic minority regions is still prominent.This paper reviews the text of the policies on dropout control in western China since 1978,coding and analyzing the main content of policies in different periods quantitatively by the software NVivo11plus.The results show that the national policy in the budding period is mainly to emphasize the strict control of student loss;the national policy in the development pe⁃riod highlights the plan for the western region;among the national policies and policies at provincial level in the critical period of decisive battle and victory,from the highest frequency to the lowest,they are control of dropping out,control dropouts by law,control dropouts by quality,and control dropouts by organization.Over the past 40 years,the policies of controlling dropouts in western China has developed from top-level design and unified de⁃ployment at the national level to unified leadership at the national level,precise planning and implementation at the provincial level;the dropout control policies of the western provinces have shown obvious provincial character⁃istics,such as single center,double center and multi-center.