1922-1929年京奉铁路债务纠纷

Debt Negotiation over the Peking-Mukden Railway Railway in 1922-1929

20世纪20年代,京奉铁路债务偿还因东北政治局势的变化而陷入困局。第一次直奉战争后,张作霖退据关外,为防直系军队追击,派兵控制了奉天到山海关之间的铁路,并夺取该段铁路收入,拒绝偿还京奉铁路的各项债务。第二次直奉战争后,张作霖控制了京奉铁路全线,将铁路收入之余利用于东北铁路建设,致使京奉铁路债务偿还出现阻滞。中英公司作为债权方的代表,多次与奉系展开谈判,却因无有效的反制手段而常处于被动地位。东北易帜后,京奉铁路债务纠纷得到初步解决。京奉铁路债务纠纷的处理既呈现了英国对日本在中国东北地区的势力扩张所采取的被动应对之策,还彰显了近代铁路事业发展与区域政治格局之间的内在关系。

In the 1920s,the debt repayment of the Peking-Mukden Railway fell into a predicament due to the changing political situation in the Northeast.After the First Zhi-Feng War,Zhang Zuolin had to retreat to the outside of Shanhaiguan.In order to prevent the direct troops from pursuing him,he sent troops to control the railroad between Mukden and Shanhaiguan and took the revenue of this section of the railroad for himself,refusing to pay the debts of the Peking-Mukden Railway.After the Second Zhi-Feng War,Zhang Zuolin took control of the whole line of the Peking-Mukden Railway and used the surplus of the railroad revenue for the construction of the Northeast Railway,resulting in the stagnation of the debt repayment of the Peking-Mukden Railway.As the representative of the creditors,the British and Chinese Corporation negotiated with the Fengtian faction for many times,but was often passive due to the lack of effective countermeasures.It was only after the change of sovereignty in Northeast China that the debt dispute over the Peking-Mukden Railway was initially resolved.The settlement of the debt dispute of the Peking-Mukden Railway presents both the passive response of Britain to the expansion of Japanese power in northeast China and the intrinsic relationship between the development of the modern railroad business and the regional political landscape.