复杂轮轨摩擦条件下的重载机车防滑控制研究

Study on Anti-slip Control for Heavy-haul Locomotives under Complex Wheel/rail Friction Conditions

轮轨黏着利用对重载列车的牵引和制动至关重要,尤其是在轮轨低黏着接触条件下。为解决重载列车运行中受复杂轮轨摩擦条件以及牵引载荷等因素影响的轮轨黏着利用和防滑控制问题,建立重载列车-轨道耦合动力学模型,主要包括重载列车子模型、轨道子模型、轮轨动态相互作用模型和考虑最优轮轨黏着利用的防滑控制模型,基于该模型分析了复杂轮轨摩擦条件下重载机车的轮轨滚动接触特性,系统地对比分析不同防滑控制模型对机车轮轨黏着利用的影响。仿真结果表明,牵引工况下,轮轨摩擦条件对轮轨动态相互作用的影响显著;相比定蠕滑率阈值的防滑控制,采用最优控制阈值PID防滑控制策略能够提高轮轨黏着利用率。

Wheel/rail adhesion is critical for the traction and braking operations of heavy-haul trains,especially under the low-adhesion contact conditions.To solve the problems of adhesion utilization affected by complex conditions of wheel/rail friction and traction load during heavy-haul trains operation,the heavy-haul train-track dynamics model was established,including heavy-haul train submodel,track submodel,the wheel/rail dynamic interaction model and anti-slip control model based on the optimal wheel/rail adhesion utilization.Based on this model,the wheel-rail rolling contact characteristics under complex wheel-rail friction conditions were analyzed,and the effects of different anti-slip control models on wheel-rail adhesion utilization were systematically compared and analyzed.The simulation results show that the friction conditions of wheel/rail have a significant influence on the dynamic interaction of wheel and rail under traction condition.Compared with the anti-slip control with constant creep rate threshold,the variable threshold control strategy can improve the longitudinal creep force and adhesion utilization ratio of the wheel and rail.