遗产型旅游目的地居民生计韧性测度及影响因素——以山西平遥古城为例

The Measurement and Influencing Factors of Livelihood Resilience in Heritage Tourism Destinations——-A Case Study of Pingyao Ancient City,Shanxi Province

文章以生计韧性内涵为参考,从缓冲能力、自组织能力和学习能力3个方面构建平遥古城居民生计韧性评价指标,探讨古城生计类型和社区网格差异下居民的生计韧性表现,并进一步分析了不同类型居民生计韧性提升的障碍度因子以及居民生计韧性空间分异的影响因素,研究得出以下结论。(1)不同类型居民的生计韧性水平,从高到低依次为旅游主营型、兼业混合型、工资经营型、务工主导型和补助依赖型。其中,旅游主营型和兼业混合型居民在生计韧性三维度的表现均较好,补助依赖型居民各维度水平表现最低。(2)从居民生计韧性的空间表现来看,以古城东大街-西大街为界,南城社区居民生计韧性表现优于北城社区,尤以迎薰门社区和贺兰桥社区的多数网格表现较好;缓冲能力、自组织能力和学习能力方面,高值区基本分布在以“东大街-南大街-城隍庙街”构成的“干”字形主要街道及周边街巷网格,低值区多散布在古城边缘网格。(3)不同类型居民生计韧性的障碍度因子均有所不同,其中,社会网络、家庭存款充裕度、生计多样性、信息获取能力、家庭成员健康状况分别是影响务工主导型、旅游主营型、兼业混合型、工资经营型和补助依赖型居民生计韧性水平的首要制约因素;造成古城居民生计韧性空间分异格局的影响因素主要有古城发展与演变、旅游空间结构分异、古城保护政策的外部性和居民的理性生计行为。

Based on the concept of livelihood resilience,this paper develops evaluation indicators from three dimensions,namely,buffer capacity,self-organization and capacity for learning,to measure the livelihood resilience of residents in Pingyao ancient city,Shanxi province.It explores the livelihood resilience of residents adopting different livelihood strategies across community grids and further analyzes the obstacles hindering the improvement of their livelihood resilience along with the influencing factors of its spatial differentiation.The results show that:(1)The livelihood resilience gradually declines from residents with a tourism livelihood,part-time farmers,salary-earning residents,those with off-farm work,and those living on subsidies.Residents with a tourism livelihood and part-time farmers outperform others in all three dimensions,while residents dependent on subsidies represent the lowest level in all dimensions.(2)In terms of the spatial distribution of residents'livelihood resilience,taking the Dongdajie-Xidajie Street of the ancient city as a dividing line,the southern community shows a better performance than the northern one,especially in the majority of grids in the Yingxunmen community and Helanqiao community.High-value areas of buffer capacity,self-organization,and learning capacity are mainly distributed in the main streets of Dongdajie Street,Nandajie Street,Chenghuangmiao Street and their surrounding streets and alleys.Low-value areas are mostly scattered in edge grids of the ancient city.(3)The obstacles to improving livelihood resilience for residents with different livelihood strategies vary.Social networks,family savings,livelihood diversity,information acquisition ability,and the health status of family members are respectively the primary constraints on the livelihood resilience of residents with off-farm work,residents with a tourism livelihood,part-time farmers,salary-earning residents,and those dependent on subsidies.The spatial differentiation pattern of residents'livelihood resilience is mainly influenced by the city's development and evolution,the differentiation of tourism spatial structure,the externalities of heritage protection policies,and residents'rational livelihood behaviors.