斜口螺旋精控排肥器优化设计与试验

Optimization Design and Experiment of Oblique Opening Spiral Precision Control Fertilizer Apparatus

为解决螺旋排肥器排肥流量不均匀影响精控施肥的问题,在通过排肥过程肥料运动状态仿真分析确定其排肥不均原因的基础上,采用倾斜排肥口的结构设计以提升排肥均匀性。利用EDEM建立斜口螺旋排肥器仿真模型,以斜口长度x_(1)、斜口角度x_(2)、开口宽度x_(3)为试验因素,排肥流量变异系数为试验指标,进行二次通用旋转组合设计试验研究。试验结果表明:试验因素对试验指标的影响主次顺序为x_(3)、x_(2)、x_(1),且当x_(1)为105 mm、x_(2)在30°~44°范围内、x_(3)在40.05~55.00 mm范围内时,排肥流量变异系数σ小于15%,排肥均匀性较佳。采用台架试验对传统及斜口螺旋排肥器进行对比试验,结果证明:转速60 r/min时斜口螺旋排肥器排肥流量变异系数σ为13.59%,与理论优化值相吻合,且斜口螺旋排肥器均优于传统螺旋排肥器。同时基于实测的排肥器排肥转速流量曲线,设计一种排肥控制器并进行台架试验,结果表明其可实现精控施肥。

In order to solve the problem of uneven fertilizer discharge flow of screw fertilizer feeder affecting precision control fertilization,the reason for uneven discharge of fertilizer is determined based on the simulation analysis of fertilizer movement during the discharge process,the structure design of oblique opening fertilizer discharge port is adopted to improve the uniformity of fertilizer discharge.Using EDEM to establish simulation model of oblique opening screw fertilizer distribution apparatus.Taking the length of oblique opening x_(1),angle of oblique opening x_(2),width of opening x_(3)as the test factors,and the coefficient of variation of fertilizer discharge as the test index,a secondary general rotary combination design experiment was conducted.The test results showed that the order of influence of test factors on test indexes was x_(3)、x_(2)、x_(1),and when x_(1)was 105mm,x_(2)was within range of 30°~44°,x_(3)was within range of 40.05~55.00mm,the variation coefficient of fertilizer discharge discharge was less than 15%,and the uniformity of fertilizer discharge was better.The bench test was used to compare the traditional and oblique opening screw fertilizer distribution apparatus.The results showed that the coefficient of variation of fertilizer discharge of the oblique opening screw fertilizer distribution apparatus was 13.59%at speed of 60r/min,which was consistent with the theoretical optimization value,and the oblique opening screw fertilizer distribution apparatus were better than the traditional screw fertilizer distribution apparatus.At the same time,based on the measured fertilizer discharge speed flow curve of the fertilizer discharger,a fertilizer discharge controller was developed and bench test was carried out.The results showed that it can achieve precise fertilization.The research result can provide some reference for improving the design of screw fertilizer distribution apparatus.