从零维硅量子点到二维硅烯:纳米硅的发现历程

From Zero-dimensional Silicon Quantum Dots to Two-dimensional Silicene:the Discovery Process of Nanosilicon

为了解纳米硅的发现历程,从化学史的角度对相关文献进行考证分析。20世纪90年代,多孔硅发光现象的发现,掀起了硅的低维材料的研究热潮。从零维硅量子点,到一维硅纳米线、硅纳米管,再到二维硅烯,不同形态的纳米硅逐步被发现,丰富发展了对于硅的原有认识。随着理论研究的深入和技术手段的进步,纳米硅的种类、性质、合成方法等在不断地更新完善,促进了半导体纳米材料的发展。总之,纳米硅的发现经历了从宏观尺度到介观尺度,从理论预测到实验合成的过程,揭示了纳米材料研究的一般规律,其中蕴含的新理论、新技术、新方法,对纳米材料的研究具有启示作用。

In order to understand the discovery process of nanosilicon,the relevant literature was analyzed from the perspective of chemical history.In the 1990s,the discovery of the photoluminescence phenomenon of porous silicon set off a research boom in low dimensional silicon materials.From zero-dimensional silicon quantum dots to one-dimensional silicon nanowires,silicon nanotubes,and then to two-dimensional silicene,different forms of nanosilicon are gradually discovered,enriching and developing the original understanding of silicon.With the deepening of theoretical research and the progress of technical means,the types,properties and synthesis methods of nanosilicon are constantly updated and improved,promoting the development of semiconductor nanomaterials.In short,the discovery of nanosilicon has experienced the process from macroscale to mesoscopic,from theoretical prediction to experimental synthesis,revealed the general laws of nanomaterial research.The new theories,new technologies and new methods contained in these discoveries have enlightening effects on the research of nanostructured materials.