适宜现场应用的热习服评价敏感指标识别分析

Sensitive indexes for on⁃the⁃scene heat acclimatization evaluation

目的通过监测分析热习服训练过程中人体生理心理指标变化,识别反映机体热习服获得程度的敏感指标,为热习服评价提供现场适用的技术方法和科学指导。方法以113名青年男性军人为参试对象,热习服训练14 d;采取3000 m跑定量负荷运动的形式,监测热习服训练过程中4个时间点的3000 m跑前后生理、心理指标的变化。采用身体活动度仪配心率带、红外体温计、体重秤等设备,监测3000 m跑平台期心率、体温(耳温、额温、掌心皮温)、出汗量、3000 m跑成绩;以问卷形式测量感知用力等级(RPE)、热感觉(TSV)、出汗感(SFI)。结果随着热习服训练时间的推移,3000 m跑前后耳温差呈现先升高(P<0.05)又逐渐降低的变化趋势,3000 m跑成绩提高(P<0.01),即运动表现增强,3000 m跑训练冲量(平台期平均心率×成绩)明显降低(P<0.01),即心血管功能增强,据此可评价热习服形成。结论3000 m跑训练冲量、耳温差易于监测且变化敏感,可作为训练现场热习服评价的首选指标。

Objective To identify the sensitive indexes for heat acclimatization by observing the changes of physiological and psychological indexes in the process of heat acclimatization training in order to recommend workable on⁃the⁃scene expertise.Methods One hundred and thirteen young male soldiers were enrolled for fourteen days of heat acclimatization training.3000⁃meter running was chosen as the quantitative load exercise.The changes of physiological and psychological indexes before and after 3000⁃meter running at four time points in the process of thermal conditioning training were monitored.Such devices as the body activity meter with a heart rate belt,infrared thermometer and weight scale were used to monitor the heart rate during the plateau phase,body temperature(temperatures of the ear,forehead and palm skin),amounts of perspiration during the 3000⁃meter running and the time taken by the 3000⁃meter running.Rating of perceived exertion(RPE),thermal sensation(TSV)and sweat feeling index(SFI)were measured by means of questionnaires.Results With the prolongation of heat acclimatization training,the D⁃value of ear temperatures before and after 3000⁃meter running trended up(P<0.05)before trending down.The 3000⁃meter running was finished in a shorter time(P<0.01),that is,the soldiers were improved athletically.The training⁃impulse(TRIMP)of 3000⁃meter running(heart rate×performance)was significantly decreased(P<0.01),suggesting enhanced cardiovascular function.Conclusion The TRIMPof3000⁃meterrunningandD⁃valueofeartemperatures are easy to monitor and sensitive to changes,which can be used as the first⁃choice indexes for the evaluation of heat acclimatization at the site of training.