苗期氮素处理对草莓生长发育和产量的影响

Effects of nitrogen during seedling stage on growth and development of strawberry

【目的】探究苗期氮素处理对草莓生长发育及产量的影响,为苗期定量施氮提供科学依据。【方法】于草莓育苗期,将氮肥均匀混合在育苗基质中进行苗期氮素处理,氮肥(N)施用量设置0,0.025,0.050,0.100,0.200和0.250 g/株6个水平,分别用CK、F1、F2、F3、F4和F5表示,测定定植前和定植后不同处理草莓植物形态、叶柄硝态氮含量、物候期(显蕾期、盛花期、果实始熟期)以及果实品质(硬度、可溶性固形物含量)、平均单果质量和产量。【结果】随着施氮量的增加,草莓花芽分化率逐渐降低,植株的鲜质量和干质量均呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势,鲜干比呈先升高后降低的趋势。各施氮处理草莓的繁苗系数、株高总体高于CK。F5和F2处理的根茎粗均较高,均显著高于CK。定植到生产田后,各施氮处理的叶长、叶宽、叶柄长、株高、株冠与CK之间均无显著差异。随着施氮量的增加,8月和9月叶柄硝态氮含量显著上升,其余月份无明显变化规律。在同一处理中,随着时间的延长,叶柄硝态氮含量呈先上升后下降的趋势。与CK相比,F1、F2和F3处理的显蕾期、盛花期和始熟期均不同程度地提前,而F4和F5处理均不同程度地推迟。各施氮处理的果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量总体上与CK差异不明显。各施氮处理的平均单果质量、前期产量、总产量总体高于CK,其中以F3处理最高。【结论】苗期施加氮素可促进定植前草莓植株的生长,改变定植后草莓的物候期;当苗期施氮量为0.100 g/株时,草莓前期产量和总产量均最高,是比较适宜的苗期氮肥施用量。

【Objective】This study investigated the effects of nitrogen fertilizer treatment during seedling stage on growth and development of cultivated strawberry(Benihoppe).【Method】In the seedling raising period,different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer were uniformly mixed in the seedling substrate.A total of 6 treatments with nitrogen fertilizer(N)application rates of 0,0.025,0.050,0.100,0.200 and 0.250 g/plant were set up and expressed as CK,F1,F2,F3,F4 and F5,respectively.Plant morphology,petiole nitrate nitrogen content,phenological stages(budding date,full flowering date and beginning harvest date),fruit quality(hardness and soluble solids content)and yield(early yield,mid-term yield and later yield)before and after planting were measured and analyzed.【Result】With the increase of nitrogen application,the flower bud differentiation rate of strawberry gradually decreased,the fresh and dry weights of plants changed in the trend of increase,decrease and increase,and the fresh to dry ratio increased first and then decreased.The seedling propagation coefficient and plant height of all nitrogen application treatments were higher than those of CK.The rhizome diameter of F5 and F2 treatments were higher than that of CK.Compared with CK,there was no significant difference in leaf length,leaf width,petiole length,plant height and plant crown after planting in the production field.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the nitrate content in petioles increased significantly in August and September,and there was no significant change in other months.In same treatments,nitrate content in petioles increased first and then decreased along with time.Compared with CK,F1,F2 and F3 treatments had different degrees of advance in budding period,full flowering period and start of ripening period,while F4 and F5 treatments had different degrees of delay in budding period,full flowering period and start of ripening period.There was no significant difference in fruit hardness and soluble solid content between different nitrogen treatments and CK.The average fruit quality,early yield and total yield of each nitrogen application treatment were higher than those of CK with the highest values in F3 treatment.【Conclusion】The application of nitrogen at seedling stage promoted the growth of strawberry plants before planting and changed the phenological period of strawberry after planting.The nitrogen concentration of 0.100 g/plant at seedling stage with the highest early yield,total yield and income was suggested.