基于夜间进场着陆任务的飞行员眼动特征比较研究

Comparison of eye movement characteristics of pilots based on night approach and landing task

目的观测飞行员在经历黑洞错觉时的注意加工特点,了解飞行成绩高分飞行员的眼动模式,为开展眼动注视点引导的飞行模拟训练提供量化数据参考。方法采用整群抽样法选取参与改装训练的飞行员作为受试者,将原始飞行成绩转换成百分等级,以飞行成绩的前10名为高分组,后10名为低分组,记录其在飞行错觉模拟器上完成夜间进场着陆任务时的眼动数据,分析模拟任务中眼动数据和飞行成绩的关系,并比较不同飞行成绩飞行员的眼动模式差异。结果选取有效受试者36人。共计12个眼动指标与飞行成绩相关(r=0.334~0.398,P均<0.05),其中平显地平信息区的扫视脱离速度、平显速度信息区的注视总时长占任务总时长的百分比、地平仪完全注视的平均时间3个眼动指标可与飞行成绩建立线性回归模型(R2=0.422,F=7.77,P<0.001)。高分组飞行员对平显中的速度显示信息的完全注视总时长占任务总时长的百分比[(4.38±3.48)%]高于低分组[(1.72±1.32)%],差异有统计学意义(t=2.25,P=0.045);高分组飞行员从平显地平信息区的扫视平均脱离速度[(358.85±171.40)°/s]高于低分组[(221.14±92.60)°/s],差异有统计学意义(t=2.24,P=0.038)。结论夜间进场着陆任务中的眼动指标可作为飞行员在黑洞错觉模拟体验任务中的注意能力评估指标。

Objective To observe the attention processing characteristics of the pilots experiencing black hole illusion,and to provide quantitative data references for flight simulation training guided by eye movement fixation based on the eye movement mode of the pilots with high flight performance score.MethodsThe pilots who underwent the transformation training were selected by cluster sampling.Their original flight performance scores were converted into percentile grades.The top 10 and bottom 10 pilots were assigned as high and low score groups.Their eye movement data were recorded when they were completing the night approach and landing task on the flight illusion simulator.The correlation between eye movement data and flight performance in the simulation task were analyzed,and the eye movement patterns of pilots with different flight performance were compared.ResultsThirty-six valid subjects were selected.A total of 12 eye movement indexes were correlated with flight performance(r=0.334-0.398,all P<0.05).Three eye movement indexes,including peak velocity of exit saccade from attitude indicator of head-up display(HUD),the percentage of total duration of fixations on airspeed indicator of HUD to the total task duration and average duration of whole fixations on attitude indicator could establish a linear regression model with flight performance(R2=0.422,F=7.77,P<0.001).The percentage of total duration of whole fixations on airspeed indicator of HUD to the total task duration in high score group[(4.38±3.48)%]was higher than that in low score group[(1.72±1.32)%],and the difference was statistically significant(t=2.25,P=0.045).And the average peak velocity of exit saccade from attitude indicator of HUD in high score group[(358.85±171.40)°/s]was higher than that in low score group[(221.14±92.60)°/s],and the difference was statistically significant(t=2.24,P=0.038).ConclusionsEye movement index in the night approach and landing task can be used as an evaluation index of attention ability of pilots in black hole illusion simulation and experience task.