飞行员运动心肺功能评价指标研究

Study on evaluation index of exercise cardiopulmonary function of pilots

目的比较分析不同机种飞行员运动心肺功能的差异,以及不同心肺功能指标间的相关性。方法本研究为回顾性研究。选取68名航空医学鉴定均为飞行合格的空军飞行员,使用意大利科时迈运动心肺功能测试仪,按照25 W/min功率递增速率进行运动心肺功能测试。将研究对象按照飞行机种分为歼击机组和其他机种组,比较两组飞行员运动心肺功能差异;分析最大摄氧量与年龄、BMI的相关性,以及心率恢复与运动耐量的相关性。结果歼击机组飞行员(32人)与其他机种组飞行员(36人)的最大心率、呼吸商、运动结束后1 min心率恢复值差异有统计学意义(t=2.28、2.50、2.37,P=0.026、0.049、0.021),其他指标差异无统计学意义。最大摄氧量与年龄、BMI呈负相关(r=-0.329、-0.339,P均<0.001)。运动结束后2、3 min心率恢复值均与最大摄氧量、最大运动功率呈正相关(r=0.284、0.290、0.306、0.268,P=0.001、0.026、0.002、0.002)。结论运动心肺功能指标在不同机种飞行员间差异有统计学意义,随年龄及体重增加相关指标存在显著变化。运动后心率可监测不同训练状态下心肺功能变化。

Objective To compare and analyze the differences of exercise cardiopulmonary function and the correlation of different cardiopulmonary function indexes among different aircraft types in pilots.Methods Retrospective study was used.The exercise cardiopulmonary function of 68 Air Force pilots who were qualified for flight in aeromedical identification were tested with the Italian Cosmed exercise cardiopulmonary function tester at a power increasing rate of 25 W/min.The subjects were divided into fighter group and other aircraft group according to aircraft types.The differences of exercise cardiopulmonary function between 2 groups were compared.The correlation between maximal oxygen uptake and age,body mass index,and the correlation between heart rate recovery and exercise endurance were analyzed.Results There were significant differences in maximal heart rate,respiratory quotient and heart rate recovery value at 1 min after exercise between fighter group(32 cases)and other aircraft group(36 cases)(t=2.28,2.50,2.37,P=0.026,0.049,0.021).There was no significant difference in other indexes.The maximal oxygen uptake was negatively correlated with age and body mass index(r=-0.329,-0.339,both P<0.001).The values of heart rate recovery at 2 min and 3 min after exercise were positively correlated with maximal oxygen uptake and maximal exercise power(r=0.284,0.290,0.306,0.268,P=0.001,0.026,0.002,0.002).Conclusions The indexes of exercise cardiopulmonary function have significant differences among pilots in different aircraft types,and there are significant changes with age and weight gain.The heart rate after exercise can monitor the changes of cardiopulmonary function under different training conditions.