蚂蚁的跟踪信息素

Ant trail pheromones

蚂蚁是一类真社会性昆虫,其觅食系统通过跟踪信息素进行调控,具有复杂的适应性。本文综述了蚂蚁跟踪信息素的分泌腺体来源、化学成分、功能及作用特征。蚂蚁分泌跟踪信息素的腺体主要有杜氏腺、毒腺、帕万氏腺和肛门腺等。跟踪信息素主要是易挥发性物质,结构复杂多样,包括碳氢化合物、生物碱、有机酸、醛、醇、酮和酯类等物质,其功能包括招募、定向诱导和定向跟踪。最后展望了跟踪信息素在有害蚂蚁防治中的应用前景。

Ants are eusocial insects with a complex adaptive foraging system regulated by trail pheromones.This review summarizes ants’pheromone-producing exocrine glands,the chemical composition of ant trail pheromones,and their function and functional characteristics.Glands that secrete trail pheromones include Dufour’s gland,poison glands,Pavan’s gland and the pygidial gland.Trail pheromones are mostly volatile substances with complex and diverse structures,including hydrocarbons,alkaloids,organic acids,aldehydes,alcohols,ketones and esters.Their functions include orientation and recruitment.Prospects for the future application of trail pheromones in pest ant management are discussed.