信息化学物质在寄生蜂寻找配偶和寄主中的作用及其应用潜力

Infochemicals used by parasitoids to find mates and hosts and their application in pest control

寄生蜂是重要的生物防治因子,对田间害虫数量具有明显的控制作用。交配和寄生是寄生蜂最重要的两个行为,对维持寄生蜂种群数量和控制害虫发生至关重要。因此,研究寄生蜂交配和寄生行为相关的信息化学物质一直是生物互作和化学生态学领域的热点。过去几十年,随着触角电位-气相色谱联用(Gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection,GC-EAD)等活性化合物鉴定技术的广泛应用,多种调节寄生蜂行为的信息化学物质得到鉴定。其中,虫害诱导的植物气味挥发物(Herbivory-induced plant volatiles,HIPVs)和寄主释放的信息素(Pheromone)是寄生蜂定向和定位寄主的重要嗅觉信号。在此基础上建立的三级营养关系(植物-害虫-寄生蜂)理论(Tritrophic interactions)促进了我们对寄生蜂寄生机制的认识。另外,由于寄生蜂个体小,性信息素释放量低,寄生蜂性信息素鉴定工作是化学生态学研究领域的一个挑战。近期,寄生蜂性信息素通信机制的研究有所突破,我国重要寄生蜂——棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂Campoletis chlorideae的性信息素和感受机制得到系统性的研究,相关结果证明性信息素可以通过促进交配来提高寄生蜂的寄生效率。本文将综述与寄生蜂寄生和交配行为相关的关键信息化学物质,探讨利用这些化合物进行害虫防治所面临的机遇和挑战。

Parasitoids are important biological control agents for many agricultural pests.Mating and parasitizing hosts are the two most prominent behaviors of parasitoids and are essential for their reproduction and survival.Therefore,the identification of the infochemicals involved in mating and parasitizing is an important first step to understanding the chemical ecology of these species.In recent decades,state-of-the-art chemical analysis techniques,such as gas chromatographyelectroantennographic detection(GC-EAD),has resulted in the identification of an increasing number of infochemicals that regulate parasitoid behavior.Herbivore-induced plant volatiles(HIPVs)and host-derived kairomones are two major categories of chemical cues guiding host detection.Based on this,the concept of“tritrophic”(plant-pest-parasitoid)interactions has been developed,significantly deepening our understanding of the mechanisms underlying host identification by parasitoids.Identification of parasitoid sex pheromones has been challenging due to their small body size and the correspondingly small amounts of sex pheromones released.The sex pheromone communication mechanism in a parasitoid,Campoletis chlorideae,has recently been elucidated.The results indicate that sex pheromones can enhance the parasitizing capacity of parasitoids by facilitating mating.In this review we summarize the infochemicals that regulate parasitoid behaviors and discuss the prospects and challenges of applying these infochemicals to control insect pests.